Alzheimer's and Dementia: The Huashan Hospital team revealed the lipid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive decline is a gradually accumulated pathological process that includes the silent development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
data-driven survey, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the U.S. and China is 20 to 30 percent and 8 percent, respectively.
, the rapid growth of the world's ageing population has accelerated the prevalence of cognitive impairment.
, however, there is still a lack of convenient means or biomarkers to identify cognitive decline, especially in the early stages of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum.
it is important to note that metabolites in the blood are considered biomarkers of pre-symptom pathological processes, helping to identify individuals with poor early or late cognitive trajectories, thereby improving the efficiency of clinical trials and early interventions.
Polymorphisms of lipoprotein-coding genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism, such as lipoprotein E (APOE) and cluster protein (CLU), are thought to be associated with increased risk of AD, indicating the potential predictive role of lipid metabolism in early diagnosis.
with advances in mass spectrometrometromet technology and analytical software, new platforms have used non-targeted or targeted lipid histology methods to analyze disease processes and associated biomarkers.
multi-platform screening survey has identified the role of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules in diagnosing MCI and AD, supporting a specific association between PC metabolic abnormalities and poor memory performance and cognitive function in normal aging.
Similarly, a lipid histology study showed that plasma metabolite molecules that distinguish AD patients from the control group came mainly from lipids, such as cholesterol esters (CE), and that plasma lipid (SP16) levels decreased relatively in AD patients, while levels of ceramide (CM16) increased.
invasive procedures for sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and expensive imaging tests, such as psyloel emission fault scanning (PET) for amyloid imaging, have so far not been used to screen or identify high-risk groups with cognitive decline.
recently, a team of researchers from Huashan Hospital published a paper in the journal Alzheimer's and Dementia aims to determine a comprehensive lipid signaling pattern, rather than a single molecule, as a predictor of cognitive decline by tracking the trajectory of cognitive aging.
researchers analyzed 579 plasma lipid data from 374 non-dementia participants from the Alzheimer's Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.
to additionally verify the effectiveness of these plasma lipids in predicting cognitive impairment, the researchers also examined the association between the selected lipids and the AD esopmosis.
researchers used a minimal absolute contraction and selected calculated logic regression model to select lipids that best indicated cognitive decline, defined by the rapid annual rate of cognition.
using the model, the researchers constructed lipid summary scores as predictors of cognitive decline.
multivariate adjustment model tested the correlation between the risk score and the AD esogeon.
, the study included 17 models of selected lipids that showed good discernment and calibration.
blood lipid risk score was positively associated with baseline Alzheimer's assessment scale-13 cognitive sub-scale (ADAS-Cog13) scores and cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels, and was able to predict cognitive diagnosis.
other results also showed that individuals with increased blood lipid risk scores, ADAS-Cog13 and brain atrophy, had a faster rate of change, further confirming the predictive effect of lipids.
, the queue study shows.
can better diagnose and predict cognitive decline through multiple lipid characteristics, rather than individual lipid molecules.
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