Alzheimer Dementia: The weaker the cognitive and gait function, the higher the risk of dementia

Motor cognitive risk (MCR) is characterized by the co-occurrence of subjective cognitive impairment and slow gait, and is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and subsequent dementia (also known as major neurocognitive impairment)
.

Slow gait alone is associated with an increased risk of dementia, especially vascular and other non-Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementias

Blood vessel

Similarly, the phenotype characterized by simultaneous decline in gait speed and memory (double decline) is also associated with dementia risk and brain volume loss
.

The co-occurrence of slow gait and cognitive decline-objective in the case of double decliners and subjective in the case of MCR-seems to be more predictive of the accuracy of dementia than any single factor

Although MCR may overlap with other pre-dementia syndromes, especially mild cognitive impairment (MCI), MCR and MCI can and often occur independently
.

The predictive ability of MCR as a pre-dementia syndrome has been established, but the neuropathological basis of MCR and whether they are different from MCI is still unknown

Studies link MCR with frontal lobe infarction and reduction of frontal gray matter volume, and support the view that MCR may represent the clinical manifestations of frontal lobe-subcortical cerebrovascular disease
.

However, there are few studies using neuroimaging to examine the neuropathological characteristics of MCR, rely on a moderate sample size, and do not include AD molecular biomarkers, such as amyloid

In this way, Gabriela T.
Gomez of Johns Hopkins University et al.
used a large community sample of the Community Atherosclerosis Risk Study (ARIC) to explore: (1) the relationship between replication of MCR and the occurrence of dementia, ( 2) To study whether MCR is related to specific patterns of brain structure and molecular abnormalities, and (3) to indirectly compare the neuroimaging characteristics of MCR and MCI
.

Their community-based Atherosclerosis Risk (ARIC) community cohort study used standardized criteria to divide participants into MCR+/- and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)+/- at the research baseline (2011-2013)
.

The 5-year risk of dementia and baseline brain structure/molecular abnormalities related to MCR+ and MCI+ status were also studied

Among the 5023 non-dementia participants included, 204 were MCR+ and 1030 were MCI+
.

Both MCR+ and MCI+ participants showed an increased risk of dementia

The pattern of abnormal brain structures associated with MCR+ is different from that of MCI+
.

MCI+ is related to the relatively small brain area susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, while the MCR+ status is related to the small volume of the frontal lobe and large white matter abnormalities
.

MCI+ is related to the relatively small brain area susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, while the MCR+ status is related to the small volume of the frontal lobe and large white matter abnormalities
.

The important significance of this study lies in the discovery: MCR may represent a pre-dementia syndrome, which is characterized by prominent white matter abnormalities and frontal atrophy
.

MCR may represent a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by prominent white matter abnormalities and frontal atrophy
.

 

Original source:
Gomez GT, Gottesman RF, Gabriel KP, et al.

The association of motoric cognitive risk with incident dementia and neuroimaging characteristics: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study .
Alzheimer's & Dementia.

The association of motoric cognitive risk with incident dementia and neuroimaging characteristics: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

 

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