Alert! The first hybrid mold that causes lung disease has been found in a hospital!

, June 24, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- From the mythical bovine monster to the mule, the creatures of two or more different organisms , hybrids , play a decisive role in human history and cultureHowever, not all mixed-race children are as magical or reliable as bovines;evolutionary biologists Jacob LSteenwyk and Antonis Rokas try to figure out why some fungi infect thousands of patients each year, while others are harmlessThe researchers were particularly interested in infections caused by citamyCitaphilia is a group of molds, a multicellular fungus that usually grows through hair-like filamentous networks that can cause very serious infections in patients with weak immune systemsWhen examining the strains of mycosis isolated from patients with lung disease, they accidentally discovered a hybrid strain of couric that infects humansThis finding is significant, not only because it is the first known case of mixed mold infection in humans, but also because accurate identification of disease-causing species is key to controlling fungal infectionsphoto source: Chen et al., 2016, Research in Mycology
it's not enough to look at it through a microscope
in the past few years, Jacob LSteenwyk and Antonis Rokas's team at Vanderbilt University, the team at Gustavo Goldman at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and many collaborators around the world have been collecting fungal samples from patients infected with different types of mycoccal moldOne of the species of particular interest to them is the formation of nest-cranked mold (Anidulans), a relatively common and generally harmless fungusClinical laboratories usually identify the types of psycose that cause infection by examining fungal cultures under a microscopeThe problem with this approach is that when viewed under a microscope, the types of mycosis that are very close to each other tend to be very similar in broad form or physical appearancethey were interested in examining the different abilities of different dystoccostors to cause disease, so they decided to analyze all their genetic content, or genomes What they saw was completely unexpected Instead of collecting the build-up of nest-like mold, we collected a similar Aspergillus latus, which we soon discovered, aspergillus latus (A Latus) is a hybrid bacteria that evolved from genetic fusion of two other mycomycine fungi: Aspergillus spinulosporus and an unknown close relative strain associated with Aspergillus quadrilineatus As a result, the researchers realized that not only were these patients infected with a completely different species, but the species was the first known hybrid of the citabymy that could cause human infection several different hybrid fungi cause human disease
it is well known that hybrid fungi that cause human infections appear in several different lineages of single-celled fungi called yeast Notable examples include the many different types of yeast hybridization that cause human disease, cryptococcal disease and Candida Although pathogenic yeast hybrids are well known, researchers have found that the A latus pathogen is a hybrid, the first to find mold that causes human disease why some types of citamy are deadly, while others are harmless, it is still unknown This may be partly due to the fact that the ability of organisms to cause disease is made up of a combination of traits rather than individual traits So why are hybrids often associated with human disease? The hybrids inherit the genetic material of both parents, which may lead to new combinations of traits This may make them more like one of the parents in some characteristics, reflect the characteristics of both parents in others, or differ from those of both parents in others It is this mixed and matching characteristics that come from the genetic of parent species that contribute to their evolutionary success, including their ability to cause disease the evolutionary origins of the citamy many evolutionary pathways can lead to the emergence of hybridization One way is to mate, just as horses and donkeys mate to create mules Another way is to incorporate or fuse genetic of cells from different species the fungi researchers found appear to be the second way Compared to its parent species, A latus seems to have almost everything: twice the size of the genome, twice the total number of genes, and so on But unlike other hybrids, they found That Latus can reproduce asexually as well as sexually but how different are A latus parents? By comparing A Latus's genome is a part of each parent' and they estimate that about 93 percent of its parents' genes are similar, just as we do with lemurs In other words, A latus, a pathogen of an infectious disease, is the equivalent of fungi to human lemur hybridization A Latus is different from its parents
Picture source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
clarifying the identity of closely related fungal pathogens and their differences in infection-related characteristics as a key step in reducing the burden of fungal diseases For example, the researchers found that A The net resistance of latus to one of the most common antifungal drugs, cabofen, is A Nidulans three times, while A Nidulans were originally discovered by microscopy This result clearly illustrates the potential importance of accurately identifying the cytomycin pathogens that cause infection researchers also looked at how A latus and A nidulans interact with cells in the immune system They found that immune cells were fighting A Latus when compared to A Nidulans are inefficient, suggesting that our immune system may have a harder time identifying and destroying this hybrid fungus during the COVID-19 pandemic, our understanding of the pathogens of citamy became more urgent There is growing evidence that some PATIENTs with COVID-19 are also infected with psycosis More worryingly, these secondary courmytomycin infections can worsen the clinical outcomes of patients with new coronavirus infections Nevertheless, we emphasize that due to the lack of systematic testing, we know very little about the cytomycin infection in patients with COVID-19, and that none of the infections found so far appear to be caused by mixed bacteria So when it comes to hybrids, some are magical ,bull's head monster), some are beneficial (tweezers), and some are dangerous (cone) A better understanding of the biology of citamy helps us understand how microbial pathogens are produced and how best to prevent and combat their infections (
Bio Valley Bioon.com) References: 1
A new hybrid fungus is found in hospital and linked to the lung disease
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Fatal OnSOn Aspergillos and Andsavirus Disease in an Oebele Patient 3
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Aspergillus Nidulans
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019
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