Air quality control and disease prevention technology in large space of conservation house

Introduction: Abstract: In view of the bad environmental problems such as low air quality and frequent cold stress, the author introduces a new and economic spatial electric field control system for air quality in large space, which can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of respiratory tract and digestive tract diseases of piglets, and can significantly reduce the incidence of the two diseases and the use of antibiotics Key words: piglets; nursery; air quality; electric purification In recent years, a new large space air quality space electric field control system which does not need much investment has appeared in some kinds of pig farms In the past, the phenomenon of air pollution has been completely changed The digestive tract and respiratory tract diseases decreased significantly From the point of view of disease prevention of weaned piglets, combined with the physiological characteristics of piglets, this paper introduces the air quality control and disease prevention technology in large space of the nursery 1 Physiological characteristics, diseases and environmental problems of nursing homes of weaned piglets; the function of regulating body temperature of piglets is not perfect; the ability of resisting cold stress is poor; on the other hand, the immunity of piglets is low after weaning; they are very vulnerable to cold diseases of respiratory tract and digestive tract in dirty air environment In the same way, piglets are also prone to anorexia and digestive tract diseases in hot summer due to air pollution For the existing domestic piglet care houses, There are four main problems in the air quality of closed houses in cold seasons: ① the content of dust and droplets is too high, and the humidity is more than 85%; ② the content of harmful gas and odor gas is far higher than the limit value of relevant air quality standards; ③ the content of various microorganisms including pathogenic microorganisms is far higher than that of ventilated houses in summer; ④ the temperature changes greatly In the warm season, the concentration of harmful gases in the nursery exceeds the standard and high temperature The air pollution and discomfort in the house lead to the piglet's morbidity and infection mainly in two aspects: ① the high concentration of harmful gases NH3 and H2S in the air can stimulate and destroy the respiratory tract mucosa and break the capillaries of the pig, and the sudden inhalation of cold air will also cause the fracture of the capillaries under the respiratory tract mucosa and in the lung, which provides the entrance for the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms ② Temperature has a great influence on the epidemic The variation of temperature in the low temperature period can significantly reduce the disease resistance of piglets; the pathogens with the change of pathogen morphology with temperature have different attack power on the upper respiratory tract mucosa and pulmonary capillaries in different temperature areas, and the pathogens adhering to dust and floating in the air have higher pathogenicity when the temperature is lower This is because when the temperature is low, most of the pathogens will experience the phenomenon of aggregation The resistance of the pathogen to UV and acid mist is very strong, which is also the main physical reason for the different resistance of the same pathogen to inactivation in different temperature environments After entering the respiratory system of piglets, the dust, the floating pathogens and their pellets, which were contaminated by bacteria at low temperature, rapidly settled on the mucous membrane by the action of hot water vapor Because the temperature of the pathogen is much lower than that of the hydrosol, the antibody protein in the mucosa and hydrosol will contract and give up the channel for the pathogen to reach the capillary of the mucosa At the same time, the pathogen at low temperature will also attract the warm water (condensation) to act as lubricant and stretcher and make itself move and activate rapidly If the pathogen or carrier powder is condensed When the temperature of dust is low enough, the condensed pathogen or carrier dust that reaches the surface of the mucosal capillaries will cold break the capillaries The damaged capillaries become the source of bacteria reproduction and virus replication, and eventually spread with the circulation of blood 2 The control of air quality and the prevention of epidemic diseases in the house involve two parts: composition and energy Air components mainly include: ① suspended particles such as micro dust, water vapor and flying foam; ② harmful and foul gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, indole, mercaptan, septic, amine, pyridine, methyl mercaptan, VFA (mixture of various volatile fatty acids); ③ various microorganisms attached to or floating on the suspended micro dust The energy state of air mainly includes internal energy and kinetic energy, i.e temperature and velocity These air factors not only affect the incidence rate of piglets, but also affect the comfort and health of the breeder Table 1 shows the maximum value of air pollutants in the environment safe nursery for healthy growth of piglets, and figure 1 shows the installation diagram of the electric purification nursery Table 1 maximum limit value of air pollutants mg / m3 (omitted) according to the maximum limit value of air pollutants, the environmental safety care house can meet the welfare requirements of odor free, less stimulation, fresh and comfortable air, and significantly reduce respiratory diseases The design parameters of air state suitable for the healthy development and growth of weaned piglets are shown in Table 2 Table 2 design parameters of air condition of environmental safety type nursery (omitted) 2.1 technical equipment for air composition control and epidemic prevention the electric purification and epidemic prevention system of air in livestock and poultry house is an economic electric purification system with new principle, which can comprehensively control the air composition of nursery, It has been produced and popularized in China At present, its purification effect has been fully affirmed in application It is the best system to realize odor free, clean and comfortable in the house, prevent respiratory diseases, and ensure the healthy growth of piglets 2.1.1 the air composition control principle of the system is based on: ① The space electrostatic field with the characteristics of DC corona discharge can purify the components of air with Coulomb force; ② the space electrostatic field and the high-voltage electrode which establish the space electrostatic field can kill the high-energy charged particles and micro ozone produced by the air discharge together to the pathogenic microorganisms attached to the dust particles and droplets effectively; ③ Space electrostatic field, high-energy charged particles and micro ozone can effectively decompose harmful and odorous gases and inhibit their production 2.1.2 establishment of the control system the control of the air composition of the nursery adopting the high bed culture includes two parts: the control of the air composition of the space above the high bed culture level and the control of the air composition of the fecal passage space ① The air quality control above the breeding level adopts a set of electric air purification, sterilization and disinfection system for livestock and poultry houses, which establishes a control network of space electrostatic field in the conservation house The control network of the space electrostatic field is reasonably suspended on the shed beam by a certain number of insulators according to the influence of the structure of the pig house on the strength of the space electrostatic field The insulators are connected by electrode wires, and the space electrode network is powered by the main power supply, Strong static electric field, high-energy charged particles and micro ozone can be generated between space electrode and ground and building structure The automatic circulation intermittent working system can effectively reduce the amount of particulate matter in the air and keep the air clean Fresh air can significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases ② Another set of electric air purification and disease prevention system can be used for the air composition control equipment in the dung passage 2.1.3 see Table 3 for the performance indexes of the series of equipment of the electric air purification and disease prevention and epidemic prevention system in livestock and poultry houses Table 3 3 electric air purification, sterilization and disinfection equipment of DDF series livestock and poultry house 2.2 the air energy state control and equipment in the conservation house shall be able to reach the air flow state value specified in Table 2, and the control of temperature and flow rate shall be carried out in the most energy-saving and economic way 2.2.1 flow rate control: the growth performance of weaned piglets in clean, warm and static air environment (flow rate less than 0.15m / s) is better than that in flowing air environment with good air quality The air purification and disease prevention and epidemic prevention system of the livestock and poultry house adopts not the air purification process of first pumping air into the machine for purification and then blowing out, but the static control of the overall air quality of the conservation house without disturbance through the space electrode system arranged in the whole space for air purification and sterilization and disinfection at the same time The system can fully meet the air flow requirements of the conservation house and provide technical support for completely eliminating the invasion of thieves; 2 The power consumption during operation is low (because the system implements the static control mode of space electrostatic field, it has extremely low static power consumption Two sets of livestock and poultry house air purification and disease prevention system are installed in a production room covering an area of 600 ㎡ and the power consumption for 12 hours is about 1kwh, while other air purification equipment acting on the same environment needs at least 50kwh to achieve the same air quality Above) 2.2.2 temperature control: the piglets just weaned are very sensitive to temperature The temperature of the nursery at the age of 4-8 weeks has a great impact on the production performance of the whole growth process of piglets, if the daily temperature drops more than 2 C is easy to cause group diarrhea and respiratory diseases caused by cold stress and significantly affect future production performance Therefore, the temperature control of the nursery is one of the key factors to improve the efficiency of the pig farm In addition to avoiding the thief wind and replacing the materials of the ground structure, the most effective and convenient way is to use the hot air heating equipment The hot air pipes can be fixed on the sidewalks on both sides of the house The fixed position should be close to the ground as much as possible The temperature control in the house is realized by controlling the hot air flow of the hot air stove through the temperature controller The heat tolerance of piglets is also very weak The high temperature over 34 ℃ often leads to a significant decrease in the food intake of piglets over 6 weeks old, especially in the case of air pollution in the nursery, this situation is more obvious Therefore, cooling must be combined with air purification In summer, the temperature in the closed nursery can also be reduced by 2-4 ℃ while the air in the closed nursery is purified by the electric purification and disease prevention system The key to reduce the temperature of livestock and poultry house is that the space electrostatic field can remove the suspended particles and water vapor in the air, reduce the heat capacity of the air, and the electric wind formed by the homopolar charged particles in directional motion also plays a cooling role Generally speaking, the nursery equipped with the air purification and epidemic prevention system of the livestock and poultry house does not need to add other kinds of cooling systems If there is no special high temperature weather of continuous nature, the temperature in the house can be controlled within the range of the piglets with good growth and development by adopting the air purification and epidemic prevention system of the livestock and poultry house 3 The application prospect of the high bed nursery which adopts the air electricity purification and disease prevention system of livestock and poultry house has the characteristics of fresh air, no odor or very light odor, comfortable feeling, fast growth of piglets, bright hair, healthy and lively, less disease and so on With the promotion of this technology, many problems existing in the nursery will be solved soon The technology of air quality control and disease prevention in large space will also be widely used in the production room, fattening house and other aspects.