Advances in genomics research on spinal tumors.

Chiropractic is a rare malignant tumor originating in the skull, spine and tibia, with low long-term survival rate and poor prognosis of nerve functionAfter age adjustment, the incidence of spinal tumor was 0.08 per 100,000The site of the occurrence of spinal cord tumor, 32% at the base of the skull, 32.8% in the spine and 29.2% in the tibiaTumor location involves important neural structure, affects the scope of surgical excision, and the spinal tumor is insensitive to release and chemotherapy, resulting in the consequences of low survival rate and high recurrence rate of patients; Recent studies have focused on genome, exosome, transcriptome, and proteomic sequencing to assess mutations in spinal tumorsAdvances in genomics and immunotherapy may provide new treatment optionsCorey MGill of Neurosurgery at Icahn Medical School Medical Center in Mount Sinai, New York, USA, describes the progress and treatment prospects of spinal tumor sorcerer in a literature review, published online February 2020the results of the study1During the evolution of chiropractors, the brachyury variant of the mouse short tail was an early mutationThe Brachyury gene, located on chromosome 6q27, is a T-box transcription factor necessary for the differentiation of the embryo layer in epithelial cells, and a key regulatory factor for the formation of spinal tumorsA 2006 study found that 53 samples of spinal sormas expressed Brachyury and were able to distinguish spinal soromas from cartilage sarcomaLater, Brachyury was found to be the main susceptibility gene to four familial spinal sormas, with more than 3 cases of spinal sormainoma in each familyBrachyury is the main regulatory factor involved in the transcription network of tumor occurrence, which can directly transcribe the activation of yes-related proteins (YAP), the effects of the Hippo pathwayThe PI3K/Akt gene expression of the Brachyury high-expression sample was also increasedIn chiropractors, there is a conflict between the conditioning factors of the embryo sourcing brachyury and the established cancer pathwaysThe single nucleotide polymorphism rs2305089 (SNP rs2305089) in Brachyury increases the risk of oxidant and familial spinal sorceroma Patients with SNP rs2305089 variants had a significantly higher survival (median survival 7.6 years vs 3.8 years) compared to those without SNP rs2305089 a phase I trial to evaluate the treatment of 7 cases of advanced spinal soroma in the yeast Brachyury vaccine GI-6301, one partially reacted, one patient stable, and 3 progression at 141 days; Phase II trials to assess the safety of the improved carrier vaccine for bovine pox disease in Ankara found that the vaccine expressed Brachyury, B7.1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3 genetic ally in 38 patients with advanced poliooma; 2 Genomic and exosome group variations of chiropractors: A comprehensive genetic team assessment of 104 cases of chiropractic found that 27% of Brachyury body cell replications occurred repeatedly; Repeated LYST changes were found in 10% of the samples, suggesting that a new cancer gene may exist for spinal soroma The authors point out that 45.2% of tumors do not have credible driving variations, indicating that there are factors other than the variation in the genome and exosome groups that contribute to the development of spinal soroma, so it may be necessary to multi-platform analysis of the mechanism of spinal tumor, including epigenetic changes There is an information promoter region in the genome outside the coded exon region The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter region can have mutations in tumors, which has important prognostic significance When tumor cells divide, the TERT promoter mutation causes transcription to increase and maintain telomere length The TERT promoter mutation in meningioma was associated with higher disease levels and shorter progression times, and the total lifetime of patients with TERT promoter mutations in glioblastoma was shorter and independent of IDH mutations The 10-year survival rate of chiropractor patients with TERT promoter mutation was higher than that of patients withno-mutation, that is, the clinical results of chiropractor patients with TERT promoter mutation were better, and further study of the clinical significance of teratoblastation in chiropractor tumor was suggested the expression of different degrees of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in chiropractors, and in a study of 160 patients, 69 percent of patients with immunohistochemical (IHC) found that EGFR was expressed In vitro use of EGFR inhibitor tyrphostin inhibits EGFR from U-CH1 spinal tumor cell lines, which can interfere with its proliferation The proliferation of chiropractor transplantomas derived from humans can be inhibited using the EGFR small molecular inhibitor erlotinib According to the above-mentioned studies, the clinical development of EGFR inhibitors, including cytoxizumab, gifitinib and urlotinib treatment of spinal tumors has some significance 4 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is one of the genomic targets of chiropractors One study found that 18 cases of spinal soroma had PDGFRB expression, as well as weak expression of PDGFRA and KIT PDGFRB expression was associated with increased epidural spinal slope penetration and prognosis In view of the increasein expression of PDGFRB in chiropractors, some researchers used amatinib in 6 patients with advanced spinal sormas, and the objective effectiveness of the efficacy was 0% The safety of combination radiotherapy for patients with high-risk spinal tumors is being studied 5 Cell cycle protein-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A) coding p16, is a known anti-cancer gene, found in spinal tumor CDKN2A significant lysa, CDK4/6-specific inhibitor bolibcic can cause tumor cell growth inhibition 6 The functional pattern of transcription groups is often illustrated by RNA-Seq analysis Bell et al reported 14 cases of craniofacial spinal cord oma, using RNA-Seq analysis to identify 222 cancer-related transcription groups, including T, LMX1A, ZIC4, LHX4, and HOXA1, while revealing specific transcription groups at the spinal and craniofacial spinal cord tumor sites It was confirmed by immunohistology that the cranial spinal cord tumor is rich LMX1A, and the spinal spinal cord tumor is rich in SALL3 Rna expression analysis of slope spinal and spinal spinal spinal tumor cell lines found that the hoXA10 protein levels in slope spinal sorma cell lines were at or very low, while the expression level sized at HOXA10 protein in the tibia cell line showed that the site of spinal soroma was associated with a unique biological mechanism of tumor 7 Using mass spectrometry to compare the proteomic characteristics of primary and recurrent spinal tumor samples, it was found that 359 proteins in the samples of recurrent spinal soroma had unique expression Immune clusteration confirmed an increase in the expression of activated alcote cell adhesion molecules (ALCAM or CD166) Recurrent spinal tumors were expressed with higher alpha-elene alcoholations (ENO1), acetone kinase M2 (PKM2) and gp96 than in primary spinal soroma samples The single-variable analysis showed that ENO1 and PKM2 were associated with no progression survival, but multivariate analysis was not significant Systematic research on epigenetic biomarkers of chiropractors can provide new targets for targeted therapy Epigenetic mechanisms, including dna methylation and post-transcription gene regulation of non-coding RNA (miRNA) High methylation of the anti-cancer zone causes transcription silence and promotes the occurrence of cancer Rinner et al studied DNA methylation in 10 chiropractor samples and identified 9 high/low methylation areas: C3, XIST, TACSTD2, FMR1, HIC1, RARB, DLEC1, KL and RASSF1 The DNA methylation of 26 other spinal tumors that matched normal myelin samples confirmed the presence of cancer-specific high/low methylation regions MGMT promoters did not have methylation in non-recurring slope spinal tumors, but methylated in partially relapsed slope spinal sormas accounted for 26.7% the level of candidate miRNA expression that regulates gene function is related to the clinical prognosis of spinal tumor: miR-219-5p is associated with tumor size and recurrence; miR-1273-3p is associated with tumor invasion and non-recurrence survival; miR-155 is associated with disease staging, metastasis and clinical prognosis; and miR-140-3p is associated with recurrence and invasion of tumors There has been a consensus on the potential interaction of miRNA with liver cell growth factors and their tyrosine kinase (c-MET) receptors in spinal soromas Bayrak and others carried out functional analysis of miR-31 and found that miR-31 had the effect of apoptosis cell, and its expression was associated with c-MET expression reduction Other studies have also confirmed that miR-31-5p overexpression is associated with a decrease in c-MET expression, and that miR-1 and miR-34a expression that activate spi3K/AKT signaling pathways are negatively correlated with c-MET expression and affect the clinical prognosis of spinal tumor 9 Checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and pembrolizumab are undergoing clinical trials on immunotherapy for spinal sormas The study of immunohistization found that in 54 cases of chiropractor sororoids, the proportion of procedural death-1 ligand (PD-L1) positive was 68.5% ;PD-L1, expressed only in tumor-immersed lymphocytes, and was an independent prognostication of local non-recurrence survival rate (HR-0.298) and total survival rate (HR-0.188) Of the 78 chiropractor samples analyzed by tissue chips, 94.9% were PD-L1 positive Conclusion
in short, preliminary studies have shown that the unique biological mechanism of spinal cord oma is associated with tumor location at the base of the skull, spine and tibia Much progress has been made in understanding the genomic drivers of spinal tumors However, there are many unresolved problems, which need to be further studied, on the clinical performance, treatment and survival prognosis of patients such as spinal tumor genome, exosome group, transcription group and proteomics Copyright Notice the copyright of works published by Outside Information APP, including but not limited to text, pictures, videos, are owned by the sponsor/original author and of the God's Information , and no one may steal any content directly or indirectly by means of adaptation, cutting, reproduction, reproduction, recording, etc without the express authorization of the outside information Works authorized by the Outside Information shall be used within the scope of authorization, please indicate the source: the of the Outside Information If there is a violation, outside the information will reserve the right to further pursue the legal liability of the infringer outside the information welcome individuals to forward and share the works published by this number.