Advances have been made in the study of tumor vaccines based on DNA nanoma machines

recently, Ding Baoquan, a researcher at the National Center for Nanoscience, made progress in the study of DNA nanomasses for precision intelligent tumor vaccines. The findings, published in Nature Materials, are based on the A DNA nanodevice-base vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.Malignant tumor is a major disease that endangers human health. Tumor immunotherapy can regulate its own immune system and effectively remove malignant tumor cells. A variety of tumor immunotherapy strategies offer hope for tumor therapy, among which cancer vaccine research has been widely concerned, especially for specific patients of individualized vaccines are increasingly valued. However, the anti-tumor treatment effect of vaccine in pre-research and clinical trials is still not ideal, one of the main reasons is the lack of an ideal transport vector to efficiently deliver adulation molecules and antigen molecules to lymphatic organs, so as to achieve efficient immune system activation. Accurate quantification of immune components and controlled release at their point of action can also be challenging.Molecularly self-assembled DNA nanostructures, characterized by precise structure control, easy chemical modification and biodegradable, are potential nano-carriers, which have shown application prospects in drug-targeted transportation, controlled release, and multi-drug co-transport therapy. In the early stages, the researchers constructed stimulating responsive DNA self-assembly structure and DNA nanomassers based on physiological pathological marker molecules to achieve precise target delivery and controlled release of functional proteins, nucleic acid drugs, small molecular drugs, etc., and demonstrated good therapeutic results in a variety of tumor models at the animal level (Nature Biotechnol. 2018,3,258；Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018,57,15486；J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019,141,19032）。 The research suggests the idea of procedural design of drug delivery system to provide accurate and intelligent strategies for treating diseases such as tumors.Based on the previous research, the researchers put forward the concept of using DNA nanomasses to build anti-tumor vaccine, using DNA origami technology to build a tumor vaccine system with precise and controllable size shape, with tumor antigens and various adsulents, and using antigen-specific immune response for tumor immunotherapy. Using tumor antigen peptides and single-stranded DNA, the researchers selected nucleic acid immune adsages dsRNA and CpG for immune pathlines TLR3 and TLR9 located in the immune cell content, and loaded the nanomasses with the hybridization of nucleic acid molecules. DNA molecular locks designed for acid response seal DNA structures loaded with various functional components, forming fully closed DNA nanomasses that protect internal immune components. DNA nanomasses due to specially designed size shapes can be efficiently rich into the lymph nodes, when entering the lymph node dendrine cells, in the connotation of micro-acidic environment, molecular lock responsiveness open, DNA nano-machines from the closed state to the open state, the joint release of antigens and a variety of ad adhesives, stimulate dendrogen cell activity and antigen delivery, induce antigen-specific immune response, effectively kill tumor cells. DNA nanomasses carrying different tumor antigen peptides showed good anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models of melanoma and colorectal tumors. As a result of solving the problem of tumor vaccine precision and multi-adultural co-use, nanomasses show long-term immune memory effect, effectively inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. This DNA nanomacraft based on the combination of multiple components for precise assembly and stimulation response control shows potential in the development of tumor vaccine systems and in the application of individualized tumor immunotherapy. DNA nanomassors feature a programmeable design that further optimizes the delivery of functional components such as virus-related antigens and ad adhesives, promising to provide a new platform for building antiviral vaccines. (National Nano-Center)