Acta Neuropathologica: HIF-1 alpha is associated with the blood-brain barrier dysfunction of pneumococcal meningitis and the extracellular migration of bacteria.

Meningitis is a life-threatening central nervous system infection. !----Despite advances in antimicrobial treatment, bacterial meningitis continues to pose a serious threat to global health, with the most common bacteria causing meningitis being Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is usually implanted in the upper respiratory tract.invasive pneumococcal infection smainly occurs in children, the elderly and immune-retarded individuals.meningitis is caused by the transfer of streptococcus through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier or the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from the blood to the brain. little isknown about its underlying mechanisms.current treatment strategies include assisted dexamethasone to treat inflammation and cerebral edema, followed by antibiotics.the author's team has previously demonstrated that hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1 alpha) is generally active in bacterial infections, and this article is mainly in human and mouse meningitis brain tissue, using immunohistochemical methods to observe the activation of HIF-1 alpha, found that cerebral endothelial cell (EC) pneumonia infection caused HIF-1 alpha/VEGF (Western blotting/qRT-PCR) to increase, and cell bypass(fluorometric)increased permeability in blood-infected mice, streptococcus pneumoniae deposits in the brain, and hIF-1 alpha/VEGF pathway (brain microvascular RNA sequencing) gene increase.method: Collect edified mouse meningitis specimens and human meningitis (including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic meningitis infections) from mice buried in Formarin's fixed paraffin, and studied the activation of HIF-1 alpha using immunohistochemical methods.in short, paraffin encapsulation samples are cut into 3-5 m thin slices on the Leica slicer (SM2000R, Leica Microsystems, Germany) and deparated and rehydrated before different stains are reduced.Sumu fine-i-red staining is used for histopathological examination and diagnosis.single or double staining using a variety of antibodies on the Ventana Discovery XT autoimmune tissue chemistry system.Conclusion: Extracellular migration of bacteria in BBB and the key role of HIF-1 alpha/VEGF in this, it is recommended to target this approach to prevent BBB dysfunction and subsequent infectious brain injury.Devraj, G., Gu?rit, S., Seele, J. et al. HIF-1 alpha is in blood-brain-brain-rand rand and paracellular of the bacteria in pneumococcal. Acta Neuropathol 140, 183-208 (2020 !-- !--).