Accelerate the application of information technology to lead the development of digital fisheries

The development of China's modern fishery is inseparable from the progress of scientific and technological innovation and informatization, and the deep integration of information technology and aquatic industry development can effectively promote the productivity improvement of fishery total factors
.
In order to comprehensively promote rural revitalization, fully promote the development of aquatic industry informatization, and provide new impetus and stimulate new momentum for the stability and long-term development of the aquatic industry, the China Fishery Products Circulation and Processing Association recently held the second fishery informatization forum
with the theme of "digital fishery, innovation-driven, transformation and upgrading" in Xiamen, Fujian Province.
Cui He, president of the China Aquatic Products Circulation and Processing Association, believes that from "relying on experience" to "relying on data", digitalization is the only way
to achieve high-quality development of fisheries.

Traditional fish farming faces multiple challenges

China's aquaculture industry has developed rapidly and is the world's largest aquaculture country, with an output of 49.
91 million tons in 2018, accounting for 61.
5% of the world's total output, providing 1/3 of high-quality animal protein for urban and rural residents in China, which has played a major role
in ensuring national food security.

China's aquaculture methods are mainly divided into precision aquaculture and extensive aquaculture, the data show that in marine aquaculture, precision aquaculture includes 1% of factory aquaculture and 5% of cage culture, extensive aquaculture includes 7% of hanging cage culture, 16% of pond culture, 34% of low-sown culture, and 37% of raft culture
.
In freshwater aquaculture, precision aquaculture includes 1% factory culture, 4% cage culture, 22% extensive culture and 73%
pond culture.
In general, China's fishery facilities, digitalization and intelligence are low, and extensive aquaculture is the mainstay
.
The lack of online monitoring technology for aquaculture water, foreign products are not suitable for China's national conditions, and the operation of oxygenation and bait is mainly based on experience
.

Zhao Chunjiang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that China's traditional fishery aquaculture development model faces major challenges in four aspects: first, resource shortage, land and water shortage, and aquaculture space is compressed; second, biosecurity, disease transmission, input supervision, aquaculture water environment; Third, product safety, food quality and safety; Fourth, environmental safety, water environmental pollution, groundwater depletion
.

Li Daoliang, Dean of the International College of China Agricultural University, pointed out that at present, the fishery industry has serious aging labor, increased resource constraints, low labor productivity, increasing the proportion of labor in the cost of aquatic products, and the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment
.
In terms of technology, equipment can be bought, such as intelligent cage equipment, feeding robots, net washing robots, etc.
, but technology cannot be bought, data cannot be
bought.
In terms of the environment, aquaculture tailwater, old and dilapidated pond facilities, etc.
have put pressure
on the environment.

"At present, the main problems of domestic aquaculture are low labor productivity, high labor intensity, serious waste of oxygen, electricity and feed, and high
breeding risk.
" Zhao Chunjiang said, "The future development direction of smart green fishery is mainly reflected in ecological greening, facility factory, and digital intelligence
.
”

Smart fishery is the only way to develop with high quality

Zhao Chunjiang pointed out that it is necessary to promote the reform of fishery and achieve high-quality development, so that "traditional production methods" can be transformed into "accurate and efficient green methods", "over-reliance on labor" to "machine-based" transformation, and "subjective experience judgment" to "big data intelligent decision-making" should be transformed
.

The development of smart fishery is a major strategic need of the country, and the construction of smart agriculture has been included in the 14th Five-Year Plan
.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and other 10 ministries and commissions recently issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of the Aquaculture Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), which is the first guidance approved by the State Council specifically for the aquaculture industry, the "Opinions" pointed out that it is necessary to promote smart aquaculture, guide the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other modern information technology and aquaculture production deep integration, carry out digital fishery demonstration
.

Yu Xiujuan, deputy director of the National Aquatic Products Technology Promotion Station, said that fishery informatization has entered a stage of rapid development under the background of the party and the state attaching great importance to informationization construction, and its supporting role in fishery production, management and service has been continuously enhanced
.
Modern information technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things are widely used in various fields and links
of fishery development.

Zhao Chunjiang said that the development of smart fishery is not a simple single element, to combine a variety of advanced productivity factors after change, the core element of smart fishery is aquaculture information and aquaculture knowledge, the Internet, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other information technology and fishery deep integration, coupled with a new agricultural production mode, which includes information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input and personalized services, thereby promoting fishery informatization from digital to networked
。

The main contents of smart fishery include comprehensive perception of aquaculture environment information, real-time monitoring of individual aquaculture behavior, real-time monitoring of equipment working status, on-site operation production automation and logistics informatization and traceability management
.

The first is to collect information, that is, intelligent perception and transmission technology, which requires low-cost, high-reliability intelligent sensing technology for aquaculture water, which is a device or device sensor that senses the various quantities measured and converts them into useful signals according to certain laws, as an important means of information acquisition, and communication technology and computer technology together constitute the three pillars
of information technology.
For example, optical, electrochemical, micro-nano, spectroscopic and other new detection technologies; Sensor electrode production and material technology, structural process optimization technology; Multi-parameter information fusion and composite and online detection
.

Intelligent sensing and transmission technology can intelligently perceive and quantify
fish behavior and life information.
Because fish farming is in the water body, a reliable wireless transmission network is required to transmit aquaculture information, and the technology includes the absorption and reflection interference of wireless signals by the aquaculture water surface and facility materials; NB-IOT, LoRa and other low-power wide area network technologies; Multi-source sensor transmission network integrating space, space and ground, etc
.

The second is to use fishery big data and intelligent information models to process the collected fishery information
.
"Big data technology is the ability to extract valuable information from massive and diverse data, which can realize the processing and analysis
of large-volume, multi-type, and high-complexity data.
" Li Daoliang explained that there are three main models, one is the water quality disease prediction and early warning model, the response interaction mechanism of water quality parameters to external influencing factors, the external expression mechanism of sick fish such as body color and behavior, multi-objective optimization and nonlinear prediction model and big data visualization, which are very important
for improving the breeding efficiency and breeding effect of fish.
The second is the decision-making model of aquaculture operations such as oxygenation and baiting, the aquaculture information and knowledge rule database based on the Internet of Things and big data, the artificial intelligence algorithm mining unstructured data, and the variable feeding model based on fish behavior, water quality, residual bait, etc.
, to improve feed utilization
.
The third is the monitoring, diagnosis and early warning model of breeding equipment working conditions, failure mode definition and feature extraction, fault classification and model construction, and minor fault model positioning
.

Finally, the operation is carried out through fishery intelligent breeding operation
equipment and robots.
Such as land-based factory circulating aquaculture, intelligent equipment variable intelligent baiting machine, fish sorting machine, patrol inspection and daily management robot, etc.
; Intelligent equipment for pond aquaculture, intelligent aerator, variable intelligent bait machine (boat), intelligent pond patrol UAV, etc.
; Intelligent equipment for breeding such as cages, fences, marine ranches, dead fish recycling nets, intelligent baiting, fishing and harvesting, etc.
; Breeding intelligent equipment for breeding workers' vessels, communication equipment, energy supply, automatic feeding, digital fish separator, etc
.
"There is an urgent need to develop intelligent equipment and robots for fishery production, break through the common key technologies of intelligent equipment and robots, and meet the requirements of
precision and intelligence in fishery operations.
" Li Daoliang said
.

Li Daoliang also introduced in detail the unmanned fishery, unmanned fishery is in the case of labor does not enter the fishing ground, the use of Internet technology, Internet of Things technology, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, 5G communication and other information technology, by facilities, equipment, machinery, robots and other autonomous decision-making to complete the entire operation process from inspection, oxygen, baiting, daily management to harvesting, is a new production mode, is a highly autonomous unmanned operation production system
.

Through the digitalization of fishery production resources, environment, aquaculture objects, equipment and other elements, unmanned fisheries realize the precise management of aquaculture objects, intelligent decision-making and unmanned operations of the production process, of which the four major technologies of Internet of Things technology, big data technology, artificial intelligence technology and intelligent equipment and robot technology play a key role
in unmanned fisheries.

"But at present, there are still many challenges
in unmanned fisheries.
" Li Daoliang pointed out that the concept is ahead, and the current stage of development still needs a lot of room for improvement: industrial development and consensus are difficult, repetitive science popularization and landing are difficult; Standardization of non-standardized scenarios requires investment, short-term focus on profit returns, and enthusiasm is not high; Lack of corresponding technical products and services, many gaps in the upstream and downstream ecological chains, and high costs; The corresponding breeding and scheduling modes are novel, and the circulation and market still need to be adapted and optimized; There are no corresponding standards, procedures and policy guidance documents; There is a serious shortage of compound talents, and large-scale promotion and replication are subject to certain restrictions; Lack of government industry guidance funds and special subsidies
.
(Edited by Li Chuang)