About super bacteria! These research results are worth reading!

In recent years, bacterial resistance has become a serious problem in the field of anti infection treatment in the world, and the emerging "super bacteria" resistant to a variety of antibiotics has gradually attracted global attention At present, the number of people dying of super bacteria infection every year in the world is about 700000 If scientists do not develop new antibiotics To control the spread of superbugs, it is estimated that by 2050, the number of deaths caused by superbugs worldwide will reach about 10 million In recent years, scientists have done a lot of research in the field of superbacteria research, but also made a lot of gratifying results In this paper, the editor will interpret the relevant research results and share them with you! Picture from nature, 2019, Doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1735-9 [1] nature: discovery of a new toxin that can prevent the growth of bacteria and is expected to resist the super bacteria doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1735-9 in a new study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of technology and McMaster University in Canada found a new bactericidal toxin: tas1, which is expected to resist the super bacterial infectious diseases Bacteria inject this growth inhibiting toxin into bacteria as competitors to gain competitive advantage The results of the study were recently published in the journal Nature When researchers discovered a new toxin, they were studying how bacteria secrete antibacterial molecules After determining the molecular structure of the toxin, researchers realized that it is similar to an enzyme that synthesizes a well-known bacterial signal molecule called (P) ppGpp, which normally helps bacteria survive under stress conditions (such as exposure to antibiotics) The three-dimensional structure of the toxin was initially confusing because no known toxin looks like an enzyme that makes (P) ppGpp, which is not a toxin in itself " 【2】 PLoS Genetics: new research helps solve the problem of "super bacteria" resistance doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008448 recently, a new study from Indiana University revealed the mechanism of key proteins in helping bacteria "absorb" DNA in the environment Using new imaging methods, scientists saw for the first time how bacteria use flagella to bind to DNA in the environment By revealing the mechanisms involved in this process, the results may help speed up the study of new methods to prevent bacterial infection, which is published in the journal PLoS Genetics According to the researchers, the ability of bacterial flagella to bind DNA is a new feature in the process of bacterial evolution, and it is also the main reason that affects the activity of existing antibacterial drugs Understanding the internal mechanism of this process can help to develop better antibacterial measures Phagocytosis and integration of genetic material from the environment are the characteristics of bacteria formed in the process of evolution Through this process, bacteria integrate the characteristics of other microorganisms, including genes that produce antibiotic resistance The abuse of antibiotics will accelerate the evolution of pathogens to produce a wide range of tolerance Therefore, the demand for new methods to prevent drug-resistant bacterial infection is growing It is estimated that 10 million people will die of drug-resistant bacterial infection every year by 2050 【3】 Bio Chem: new antibiotics can kill "super bacteria" doi: 10.1016/j.bio org.2019.103203 the World Health Organization has announced that drug resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health in 2019, and MRSA has become one of the most serious problems Despite a large amount of global investment in drug research and development, the search for new antibiotics has not progressed since the mid-1980s Recently, the new antimicrobial agent "nusbiarylins", developed by the research team of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and other institutions, has been proved to be able to be used in the treatment of multi drug resistant bacterial infections At present, our research is in the stage of animal research, and we are in the process of infectious model research and pharmacokinetic research At present, there are few antibiotic related studies to complete such studies "So far, our findings are very promising We believe that further research on these compounds will contribute to the new era of antibiotic discovery and the fight against superbugs " Most antibiotics on the market kill bacteria by destroying their DNA synthesis or protein function The new antibiotic developed by the authors focuses on inhibiting the interaction between two proteins: nusb and nuse, which is essential for the synthesis of bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) By designing small molecules that destroy the interaction between nusb and nuse, the proliferation of bacterial cells can be inhibited 【4】 Doi: 10.1128/mbio.01397-19 recently, a research report published in the International Journal mbio, scientists from Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of public health and other institutions, through research, found that global warming may be caused by c.aureis, Candida Auris) plays a very important role in the emergence of the fungus Candida auratus is a multi drug resistant fungus, which has posed a serious threat to the global public health, and this fungus may also be an example of the emergence of new pathogenic fungi caused by climate change In 2009, researchers first discovered the fungus in Japan At that time, a 70 year old woman was infected with the fungus Since then, the fungus has spread rapidly around the world Later, at least 12 countries, including South Korea and Pakistan, have reported the infection of the fungus Now, this "super fungus" has rapidly become the research of scientists Hot spots Healthy people have strong immunity to the fungus, even if they carry it, they will not get sick However, people with weak immune system are likely to cause blood infection after contacting the fungus, which may cause hearing loss or even loss of life Patients infected with the fungus The mortality rate is as high as 60%, but it is not sure whether the death is caused by the infection itself 【5】 PLoS patching: how to defeat drug-resistant superbacteria through the body's immune defense? Doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007694 potential therapies based on the body's natural immune defense may help fight superbugs Recently, a research report published in the international journal PLoS patterns found that when cells encounter bacteria, scientists from the University of Edinburgh found that When invading, the body will produce a molecule called LL-37 to change the behavior of cells Such a molecule is like a fire alarm, which can remind the immune system of an infection and need to act in time In this paper, researchers focus on a bacterial infection caused by lung disease, bacterial infection is the main cause of death in the global population These bacterial infections are more and more resistant to antibiotics, which makes them very difficult to treat Previous studies in mice have found that LL-37 molecules can guide cells in infected lungs to call specialized cells called neutrophils, which can destroy bacterial threats Photo source: [6] mbio: key genes mediate the production of "superbacteria" Doi: 10.1128/mbio.00853-19 recently, a research report published in the International Journal mbio showed that researchers from Cornell University were screening Salmonella bacteria Mcr-9 was found in the genome, which is a new invisible jumping gene with demonic powerful function and can resist one of the few last antibiotics in the world When all other anti infection options are exhausted, doctors will use the antibiotic myxin However, there is resistance to myxin in the global scope, threatening its efficacy This last antibiotic is designated as the highest priority antibiotic by the World Health Organization, and the mcr-9 gene will cause bacteria to resist it In the treatment, if the myxin does not work, it may actually mean the death of patients If the myxin resistance spreads, many people will die 【7】 Biorxiv: reveal how superbugs evade the immune system to kill doi: 10.1101/479022, a research report published in the International Journal biorxiv, scientists from the University of Sheffield revealed how superbugs in hospitals evade the immune system to cause infection, which paved the way for new treatment methods In this paper, researchers investigated how E faecalis causes life-threatening infections Enterococcus faecalis is common in human digestive tract Although Enterococcus faecalis is harmless to healthy carriers, it is also an opportunistic pathogen, often leading to hospital acquired infections such as heart valve infections, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia (bacteria in the blood) Scientists do not yet fully understand how this happened At present, it is difficult to treat fecal Enterobacter infection because it is highly resistant to several key components of the immune system and resistant to a variety of antibiotics Now, a new study led by Dr Stephane mesnage of the Department of molecular biology and biotechnology at the University of Sheffield has found a mechanism by which Enterococcus faecalis evades the host immune system Studies have shown that the bacteria can change a component of their own surface to escape the immune system, leading to the spread of infection This discovery may pave the way for a new treatment for fecal enterococcal infection 【8】 Nature subjournal: develop the chaos method to prevent the production of DOI by antibiotic resistant superbugs: 10.1038/s42003-018-0135-2 according to the data of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), multi drug resistant bacteria can adapt to the existing antibiotics faster than newly manufactured antibiotics, infecting nearly 2 million people and causing at least 23000 deaths in the United States every year In order to develop sustainable long-term solutions, researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder have developed a controlled hindrance of adaptation of organizations method: using CRISPR DNA Editing Technology modifies the expression of various genes in bacterial cells, so as to prevent this crucial adaptation process in bacterial pathogens and destroy its ability to evolve defense These results may open up a new research way on how to best limit the production of bacterial antibiotic resistance, and the relevant research results are published in the journal communications biology This chaos method uses this effect to regulate the expression of multiple genes, so as to increase the pressure of bacterial cells and eventually trigger a chain reaction, making them more vulnerable to the impact of current drug treatment This technology will not change the DNA itself, only the expression of multiple genes 【9】 Nat ecol & evol: "super bacteria" may jump frequently in human and animal bodies doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0617-0 recently, an international journal Nature Ecology& In the Research Report on evolution, scientists from the University of Helsinki in Finland found that superbugs may frequently jump back and forth in human and animal bodies; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is