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Fish parasites
.
It is well known that understanding the response mechanism of host animals after fish parasite infection can help develop effective prevention and control drugs
.
Under the pressure of parasitic infection, the response and changes of intestinal microbial communities in fish have become a research hotspot
in recent years.
Previous scientists have found that fish intestinal parasites are close to each other because they coexist in the same ecological niche with intestinal microorganisms, and there is a close "interactive dialogue"
between the two.
However, whether there is a "distant interactive dialogue" between the parasites on the gills of fish relatively far from the intestines of fish and gut microbes has not been reported
.
.
Under the pressure of parasitic infection, the response and changes of intestinal microbial communities in fish have become a research hotspot
in recent years.
Previous scientists have found that fish intestinal parasites are close to each other because they coexist in the same ecological niche with intestinal microorganisms, and there is a close "interactive dialogue"
between the two.
However, whether there is a "distant interactive dialogue" between the parasites on the gills of fish relatively far from the intestines of fish and gut microbes has not been reported
.
In response to this problem, researchers from the Pearl River Institute studied the relationship
between the gills of grass carp infected with Dactylogyrus lamellatus and intestinal microorganisms.
The results showed that the intestinal microbial communities of grass carp infected with the leaflet ring worm showed a response trend
of decreasing diversity index, increasing abundance of Cetaceus genus, and decreasing abundance of Bacteroides.
At the same time, the expression levels of the four immune-related genes (TLR3, MyD88, MHCII, IgM) were significantly increased, the glutathione peroxidase content decreased, and the histopathological features showed that a large number of immune cells infiltrated the intestinal mucosa and submucosal layer, indicating that grass carp gill infection parasites stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses
.
between the gills of grass carp infected with Dactylogyrus lamellatus and intestinal microorganisms.
The results showed that the intestinal microbial communities of grass carp infected with the leaflet ring worm showed a response trend
of decreasing diversity index, increasing abundance of Cetaceus genus, and decreasing abundance of Bacteroides.
At the same time, the expression levels of the four immune-related genes (TLR3, MyD88, MHCII, IgM) were significantly increased, the glutathione peroxidase content decreased, and the histopathological features showed that a large number of immune cells infiltrated the intestinal mucosa and submucosal layer, indicating that grass carp gill infection parasites stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses
.
Further correlation analysis of parasite infection intensity, microbial abundance, immune indexes and blood biochemical indexes showed that a total of 20 high-abundance microorganisms OTUs (relative abundance>0.
01%) were highly correlated
with the number of ectoparasites, immune-related parameters and blood indexes.
The feedback loop model of "distal interactive dialogue" of gill parasite-gut microbe-blood transmission was constructed, although whether the response of immune cells in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa is generated by intestinal microorganisms or from the blood circulation system of fish remains to be determined
.
01%) were highly correlated
with the number of ectoparasites, immune-related parameters and blood indexes.
The feedback loop model of "distal interactive dialogue" of gill parasite-gut microbe-blood transmission was constructed, although whether the response of immune cells in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa is generated by intestinal microorganisms or from the blood circulation system of fish remains to be determined
.
By analyzing the ectoparasite-microbial community-host interaction pathway, it was found for the first time that there was a "remote interactive dialogue" mechanism
between ectoparasites and host intestinal microorganisms.
This conclusion lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of intestinal microbiota in the immune response of fish in ectoparasitic infection, and the mechanism of "remote interactive dialogue" in fish provides a new perspective for correctly understanding how the host microbiota responds to changes in conditions such as the intensity of host parasitic infection, and this study also provides a new way
for oral probiotics to control parasitic diseases.
between ectoparasites and host intestinal microorganisms.
This conclusion lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of intestinal microbiota in the immune response of fish in ectoparasitic infection, and the mechanism of "remote interactive dialogue" in fish provides a new perspective for correctly understanding how the host microbiota responds to changes in conditions such as the intensity of host parasitic infection, and this study also provides a new way
for oral probiotics to control parasitic diseases.
Researcher Pan Houjun and researcher Xie Jun are the corresponding authors of the paper, the first author is Wang Lin, a master's student, and the co-first author is Dr.
Zhang Defeng.
The research was supported
by the Bulk Freshwater Fish Industry Technology System (CARS-45), Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (201803020045), and the Blue Granary Project of the National Key R&D Program (2019YFD0900102).
Zhang Defeng.
The research was supported
by the Bulk Freshwater Fish Industry Technology System (CARS-45), Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (201803020045), and the Blue Granary Project of the National Key R&D Program (2019YFD0900102).
Link to the article: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
aquaculture.
2022.
738880
org/10.
1016/j.
aquaculture.
2022.
738880
