A list of recent research advances in cell journal for the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 (No. 4)

D614G does not alter the synthesis, processing, or integration of S protein into SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, but due to the faster dissocentation speed, the D614G's affinity for ACE2 is reduced.
The evaluation of the S protein tripolymer through a cryogenic electron microscope showed that D614G disrupted contact between the protomer of the S protein, allowing the S protein's configuration to turn into a state that binds to ACE2, which is considered a way for viral particles to fuse with the target cell membrane.
with this more open configuration, the median effectiveness of antibodies targeting the S protein-binding domain (RBD) has not diminished.
3.Cell: Revealing that T cells play a leading role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 and reducing the severity of COVID-19 Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 Since SARS-CoV-2 first appeared, scientists have been trying to understand whether the immune system sometimes does more harm than good during the acute phase of COVID-19.
study, researchers from the La Hoya Institute of Immunology in the United States clearly supported the beneficial effects of the immune system.
results were published online September 16, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Antigen-specific adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in acute COVID-19 and associations with age and disease severity".
The study confirms that multi-layered virus-specific immune responses are important for controlling SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection during acute stages and reducing the severity of COVID-19 disease, with most evidence suggesting that T-cells are much more effective than antibodies.
, on the other hand, weak or un coordinated immune responses indicate adverse outcomes of the disease.
results suggest that candidate vaccines should focus on causing a wide range of immune responses, including antibodies, auxiliary T-cells, and killer T-cell responses, to ensure protective immunity.
, co-author of the paper and professor at the Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccines at the La Hoya Institute of Immunology, said, "Our observations may also explain why older COVID-19 patients are more susceptible to the disease."
As we age, the T-cell pool that can be activated by a particular virus decreases and the body's immune response becomes less coordinated, which appears to be a factor that makes older people particularly vulnerable to severe or fatal COVID-19 effects.
"4.Cell: Revealing neutral and immunoscopic bits in the new coronavirus S protein RBD domain doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.037 In a new study, the University of Washington and Vir Biotechnology Researchers at research institutions such as Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Biotechnology, found in a queue of 647 SARS-CoV-2 infected people that the antibody response strength and moderate antibody titration of SARS-CoV-2 pyrethrin and nucleoprotein (nucleoprotein, NP) were associated with clinical scores.
results were published online September 16, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology".
from Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.011.
the subject binding domain (RBD) of THE SARS-CoV-2 prickly protein is immunoscopic and is the target of 90% neutral antibodies present in SARS-CoV-2 immunoserials.
Although the overall RBD-specific serum IgG titration decreases at a half-life of 49 days, the nAb titration and affinity (avidity) of some individuals increase over time, consistent with affinity maturation.
5.Cell: Single dose of ChAd vaccine protects upper and lower respiratory tracts from SARS-CoV-2 infection doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.0 26 In a new study, researchers from the University of Washington's St. Louis School of Medicine developed a vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as ChAd, that can be effectively prevented in mice sensitive to the new coronavirus through a nose injection.
results were published online August 19, 2020 in the journal Cell, under the title "Single-single-dose intranasal ChAd vaccine protects upper and lower respiratory trace ST SARS-CoV-2".
, unlike other COVID-19 vaccines under development, the vaccine is delivered through the nose, which is often the site of the initial infection.
the new study, the authors found that this nasal delivery pathway produces a strong immune response throughout the body, but is particularly effective in the nose and respiratory tract, preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections from take root in the body.
"We were surprised to find that there is a strong immune response in the inner walls of the nose and upper respiratory tract, and that it is well protected against infection with the virus," said Co-author Dr. Michael S. Diamond, a professor of molecular microbiology and professor of pathology and immunology at the University of Washington School of Medicine in St. Louis.
the mice were well protected from the disease.
in some of these mice, we observed evidence of anti-immunity, where mice were challenged by the virus and there was no sign of infection.
"6.Cell: Revealing that cytokine storms prevent patients with neocyto pneumonia from producing a lasting immune response doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.025 The release of large numbers of cytokines can lead to some of the most severe symptoms of COVID-19.
When a large number of immune cells release cytokines, this increases inflammation and forms a feedback loop that activates more immune cells, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as cytokine storms.
In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the Bregan Women's Hospital and the Lagan Institute in the United States point out that some cytokines may also prevent infected people from developing long-term immunity at high levels because infected people are rarely observed to produce the type of B cells needed to produce a lasting immune response.
study was published online August 19, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Ross of Bcl-6-expressing T follicular helper."