(5) white park: improving agricultural machinery

Introduction: (Bai Renpu, Professor of School of technology, China Agricultural University) (Bai Renpu, Professor of School of technology, China Agricultural University) lqf central document links the improvement of agricultural mechanization level, the implementation of subsidy policy for farmers to purchase agricultural machinery, and the increase of efforts to solve the "Three Rural" problems, and the promotion of farmers' income, for the first time It is of great significance and far-reaching influence to do well the work of agricultural mechanization and promote the development of agricultural modernization in the new stage At the seventh session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress, which was just not in session, the law on promoting agricultural mechanization was first deliberated, marking the development of Agricultural Mechanization in China and entering a new era of legislative advancement Lqf 1 Improving the level of agricultural mechanization is an important way to improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers' income To understand the spirit of documents, first of all, we need to correctly understand why improving the level of agricultural mechanization can promote farmers' income This is because the increase of modern production factors such as agricultural machinery and the reduction of traditional production factors such as human labor in agricultural production can fundamentally change the mode of production, transform the traditional agriculture and substantially improve agricultural labor productivity; scale agricultural standardized production can be carried out to improve the quality and safety level of agricultural products and improve agricultural comparative efficiency and international competitiveness This is particularly important for participating in international competition under the situation of economic globalization Experience at home and abroad has proved that the level of agricultural labor productivity determines the level of farmers' income Only when agricultural labor productivity is high, can farmers' income be high; when agricultural labor productivity is low, farmers' income is also low Agricultural machinery is the key factor to improve agricultural labor productivity The level of agricultural equipment and mechanization is high, and agricultural labor productivity is also high, otherwise it is low China has the largest agricultural population in the world China's agricultural population is too large, the proportion is too large, the agricultural equipment and production mode are backward, the agricultural labor productivity is low, the international competitiveness is weak, which is an important reason to restrict the increase of farmers' income Increasing agricultural machinery and reducing farmers have become an important task in developing agricultural production and increasing farmers' income Lqf from the analysis of each province, the five provinces with the highest per capita net income of farmers in China are: Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu; the five provinces with the lowest income are: Qinghai, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Guizhou The comparison shows that: the per capita net income of farmers in Shanghai is 4.2 times of that in Guizhou; the agricultural labor productivity in Shanghai (10480 yuan) is 5 times of that in Guizhou (2066 yuan); the proportion of employees in the primary industry in the whole society is 11.3% in Shanghai and 65.3% in Guizhou; the average investment in Agricultural Mechanization in Shanghai is 244 yuan, only 39 yuan in Guizhou; the comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvest in Shanghai ranks the top 3 of the 15 southern provinces In 2002, it reached 32.4%, while Guizhou was only 1.2%, ranking the last Agricultural machinery accounts for 12% of the total rural households in China, and 10% of the agricultural workers are engaged in agricultural machinery operation services According to the survey data, the per capita net income of agricultural machinery households is about 40% higher than that of ordinary farmers Lqf from the international comparative analysis, at present, China's agricultural workers are about 123 times of the United States, while agricultural labor productivity is less than 1% of the United States There are about 4 tractors for every 100 agricultural workers in China, 145 in the United States The productivity of agricultural labor in the United States is as high as 34700 US dollars, which is higher than the GNP per capita The income and living standard of farmers are similar to or even better than other members of the society It is in sharp contrast with the current situation in China Countries with high income and rich life of farmers in the world are all countries with high agricultural mechanization, modernization and agricultural labor productivity; countries with low income and poor life of farmers are all countries with low level of agricultural mechanization, modernization and agricultural labor productivity Lqf 2 Agricultural mechanization should solve three major obstacles and make five combinations to promote the increase of farmers' income The three barriers of lqf are: technical barriers, economic barriers and institutional barriers The main technical obstacles are as follows: at present, the contradiction between the variety, quality of agricultural machinery and the adaptability of agricultural machinery operation projects to the diversified demand of structural adjustment is increasingly prominent, and the problem of insufficient effective supply of agricultural machinery is obvious The main contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural machines and tools is not the one of insufficient total amount, but the one of structural structure The main economic obstacles are: the low income of farmers, and the difficulty of buying machines Under the condition of market economy, farmers have become the main part of agricultural machinery investment In recent years, the total annual investment of farmers in purchasing agricultural machinery is nearly 20 billion yuan, accounting for 96% of the national agricultural machinery purchase cost The fundamental reason is that investment in agricultural machinery is profitable and can increase income However, the one-time investment in purchasing agricultural machinery is often large, the farmers' income is low, and the purchasing power is limited So it is necessary for the state to support and subsidize The state should take necessary supporting measures for agricultural mechanization and give appropriate subsidies to the farmers who buy machines, which is in line with the national conditions, urgent needs, international practices and relevant WTO rules The institutional obstacle is that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the economic system is not perfect, and there are still some institutional problems in the development of agricultural mechanization that need to be solved through deepening reform We need to give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation to a greater extent, improve the macro-control and guidance mechanism, further improve the management and service functions of the government, inject a strong impetus for the healthy development of agricultural mechanization, create a good environment, and provide a strong institutional guarantee In the new stage, lqf must stand on the new height of building a well-off society in an all-round way, accelerating the modernization process, and do a good job in five combinations The first is to promote the combination of agricultural mechanization and strategic adjustment of industrial structure to provide mechanized support for structural adjustment The second is to combine the regional layout of advantageous agricultural products with the mechanization of main agricultural production processes, especially to solve the bottleneck of mechanization technology and equipment We should give full play to regional comparative advantages, develop characteristic agriculture, and improve agricultural comparative benefits and international competitiveness The third is to promote the combination of agricultural mechanization and the development of agricultural industrialization management, provide advanced agricultural machinery equipment or agricultural machinery operation service support, give full play to industrial advantages, and achieve brand and scale benefits The fourth is to promote the combination of agricultural mechanization with the process of industrialization and urbanization, promote the transfer of surplus agricultural labor force to non-agricultural industries and cities, reduce farmers, improve efficiency, and expand the field of income increase Fifth, strengthen the government's support and regulation of agricultural mechanization and give full play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of agricultural machinery resources Lqf