3 Science articles in 2020. Significant progress has been made, with Wang Liang/Xiao Harvest of Zhejiang University revealing the key role of small glial cells in memory.

It is believed that synapses between imprinted cells are substrates for memory storage, and the weakening or loss of these synapses leads to the forgetting of related memories.on February 6, 2020, Wang Lang and Gu Yan of Zhejiang University jointly published a research paper entitled "microglia mediating foraging via complex dependent synaptic elimination" in science, which reported that microglia in hippocampus of healthy adult mice phagocytized synaptic components.the decrease of microglia or the inhibition of microglia phagocytosis can prevent the separation of forgetting and "imprinted" cells.by introducing CD55 to inhibit complement pathway, especially in engram cells, this study further demonstrated that microglia regulate forgetting in a complement and activity-dependent manner.in addition, microglia are involved in neurogenesis related and non neurogenic memory degradation.together, the results suggest that complement dependent synaptic elimination in microglia is a potential mechanism for forgetting remote memory.in addition, on January 10, 2020, Wang Liang of Zhejiang University and Xiao Fengshou jointly published a research paper entitled "hydrophobic zeolite modification for in situ peroxide formation in methane oxidation to methanol" online on science. The study reported a catalyst system, which produced and concentrated hydrogen peroxide to react with methane immediately.hydrophobic coated zeolites keep peroxides near the active sites of gold and palladium, and then the incoming methane is selectively oxidized to methanol.in a word, methanol selectivity reaches 92% at a methane conversion of 17.3%, which is equivalent to a methanol productivity of 91.6 mmol / h per gram of AuPd.this work represents an important step in the application of direct activation of methane to produce valuable products (click read).on January 24, 2020, Zhang Ze and Wang Yong of Zhejiang University, Gao Yi of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Wagner of Denmark University of technology jointly published on science online the topic "visualizing H2O molecules reacting at TiO2 active sites with transmission electron" In this study, the adsorption, activation and reaction of water molecules on the active sites of the catalyst were observed for the first time in the atomic scale under the environmental transmission electron microscope.this is of great significance for revealing the catalytic mechanism and designing better catalysts (click to read).memories are encoded and assigned to the relevant brain regions.the reactivation of memory cells is essential for memory recall, and the failure of reactivation of memory cells will lead to the forgetting of related memories.the synaptic connections between engram cells are considered as the matrix for memory storage.loop rewiring and synaptic reorganization may result in loss or weakening of synaptic connections, leading to forgetting of pre-existing content.for example, large-scale synaptic reorganization occurs in the dentate gyrus (DG) with the continuous generation of new neurons integrated into the hippocampal neural circuit, which leads to the loss of hippocampal dependent memory.even in mature neurons, the dynamic remodeling of synapses depending on experience and learning occurs continuously throughout life, which provides a potential mechanism for erasing the storage memory in the synaptic connections of these cells.microglia are not only important for the excessive synapses during brain development after pruning, but also participate in the dynamic changes of synapses in adult brain.because microglia play a key role in monitoring synapses and determining brain connections, microglia may affect the stability of neural circuits that allocate memory.this study reported that microglia in the hippocampus of healthy adult mice phagocytized synaptic components.the decrease of microglia or the inhibition of microglia phagocytosis can prevent the separation of forgetting and "imprinted" cells.by introducing CD55 to inhibit complement pathway, especially in engram cells, this study further demonstrated that microglia regulate forgetting in a complement and activity-dependent manner.in addition, microglia are involved in neurogenesis related and non neurogenic memory degradation.together, the results suggest that complement dependent synaptic elimination in microglia is a potential mechanism for forgetting remote memory.reference message: