10 experts have a clear understanding of what the breeding industry has learned this year

Introduction: Pig Raising: according to the situation of pig food price ratio in 2003 and 2004, as long as we keep a calm view of the changes in pig prices, do not blindly develop, and properly control the number of sows, the price of pigs is likely to remain at the level of 2004 I hope all pig breeders will make joint efforts to become rich together Wang Linyun, Professor of School of animal science and technology of Nanjing Agricultural University (1) in the past 10 years, the analysis of pig raising market in China accounts for a large proportion of the cost of pig raising Therefore, the price comparison of pig food (corn) is closely related to whether pig raising is profitable, which is the main basis for the decision of pig producers It is found that there is a certain regularity in the change of pig food price ratio in China from 1994 to 2002 If the pig food price ratio is 5.5 as a demarcation point, there will be about 18 months of change cycle (except for some months) That is to say, the specific price of pig food is more than 5.5 in about 18 months, less than 5.5 in the next 18 months, and higher than 5.5 in another 18 months The specific time is: more than 5.5 from June 1994 to February 1995; less than 5.5 from March 1995 to August 1996; more than 5.5 from September 1996 to March 1998; less than 5.5 from April 1998 to October 1999; more than 5.5 from November 1999 to March 2001; less than 5.5 from April 2001 to September 2002 However, this rule was broken in October 2002 Since then, the ratio of pig to grain has been higher than 5.5 for 24 consecutive months, and there is no downward trend at present Why did this happen I think it is mainly due to the following reasons: 1 With the development of China's social economy, China's urbanization rate has greatly increased, and a large number of rural labor force has been transferred to urban work According to statistics, 120 million farmers come to work in cities every year In addition, 13 million people from rural to non-agricultural areas and about 7 million students go to school every year The scattered pig raising of thousands of households in rural areas has greatly reduced, while the consumption of pork in urban areas has increased relatively, which is the main reason 2 Piglet mortality increased Although the total number of sows raised in China has increased in recent years, in 2001, compared with 1996, the number of sows increased by more than 23% (nearly 10 million) The proportion of sows in the stock increased from 7.8% in 1996 to 9.55% in 2001 However, the number of pigs released per sow per year decreased, from about 15.1 in 1996 to 13.3 in 2002 It can be seen that many piglets died from birth to weaning 3 Pig producers are more rational in the face of market changes In September 1996, a round of pig raising climax began, many people were hot headed, some township leaders strongly called for pig raising, many non-agricultural units also joined the ranks of pig raising, resulting in the rising price of piglets and pigs In May 1997, the national pig food price ratio reached 7.7, a record The results are as follows: from April 1998, the price of pig decreased, the price of corn increased, reached the lowest point in May 1999, and the price of pig food in China fell to 3.8 In October 2002, a new round of pig breeding climax began Many breeders thought more rationally, and they did not blindly set up large-scale pig farms, but made some structural adjustments Therefore, the price ratio of pig food has been kept around 5:5-6 (2) the expectation of China's pig industry in 2005 According to the situation of pig food price ratio in 2003 and 2004, as long as we keep a calm view of the changes in pig price, do not blindly develop, and properly control the number of sows, the price of pigs is likely to remain at the level of 2004 Although the price of pigs will fall after the Spring Festival, it is a normal rule It will rise regularly around May and from September to the Spring Festival every year I hope all pig breeders will make joint efforts to become rich together Raising sheep: the development of raising sheep should be based on grass and livestock, with a moderate scale The old, the disabled, the weak and the inferior sheep, which consume too much and produce too little and eat too much, should be eliminated and slaughtered in time, the laid-off workers should be simplified, and the feed sheep houses should be saved for other sheep to eat and increase production Taking the market as the guide, resources as the basis, benefits as the purpose, industrial management and technology as the means, and developing towards intensive, modern and commercialized development, is an important way for rural development to raise sheep and become rich Yue Wenbin, Professor of Shanxi Agricultural University, is the mainstream of animal husbandry From 1950 (48-52 average) to the half century of 2000, the number of sheep and goats in the world has grown from 1066.667 million to 1777.7916 million, an increase of 6% Mutton increased from 4.318 million tons to 11.25 million tons, an increase of 160.4% The number of sheep on hand in China was 62.347 million in 1949, up to 279.494 million in 2000, an increase of 347% Mutton increased from 513000 tons in 1949 to 2655000 tons in 2000, an increase of 416% Judging from the above domestic and foreign situation, the mutton market is optimistic 1 Due to the increase of market demand for mutton and the development of chemical fiber textile raw materials, the growth rate of mutton will be further faster than that of wool Food and animal husbandry is the mainstream of modern animal husbandry Mutton market is promising 2 The production of mutton feed has a high conversion rate, and the cost of material and labor consumption for increasing production by 1kg mutton is much less than that for increasing production by 1kg wool feed At present, the price of meat is more expensive than that of wool, and the ratio of meat to wool is about 1.5:1 Small group, large-scale, company plus farmers, through sheep supply, mixed feed and product sales to drive the scattered farmers, division of labor and cooperation, development of mutton sheep 3 The rapid economic turnover of mutton production is more suitable for modern and intensive management, and the improvement of comprehensive economic and ecological benefits of livestock breeding is an effective way to achieve sustainable development Especially after China's accession to WTO, the price of mutton in China is 30% - 80% lower than that of foreign countries, and mutton has a strong competitiveness Therefore, we must attach importance to the development of mutton sheep, and actively carry out the improvement of sheep breeds and economic hybridization (1) to make full use of the local excellent varieties (or domestic varieties) the so-called excellent varieties are relative and conditional They are superior varieties in the first place, but may not adapt to the second place and become inferior varieties The superior species in a certain period may not be modern superior species Therefore, the good breed is greatly affected by the location and time, which must be highly valued by sheep breeders We must seize the opportunity, take advantage of the situation, and feed scientifically to achieve success and benefit We must not blindly follow the trend (such as speculation) The majority of farmers should pay attention to the value and benefit of the end products, such as mutton, sheepskin, etc., rather than focus on fry Therefore, at present, mutton sheep is better and more efficient Economic crossbreeding is an important means to increase mutton yield It is an important measure in modern animal husbandry to produce heterosis by crossbreeding of different breeds to improve mutton yield 70% of the high quality lambs produced in New Zealand are hybrid fat lambs Since the 1970s, the crossbreeding combination of lamb meat production has developed greatly, which tends to combine high reproduction rate with excellent meat quality, adopt three or four varieties crossbreeding, in order to maintain the advantage of high species, combined with the adaptability of local sheep, the ingenious combination of the three is an effective way to rapidly increase the production of lamb meat The task of cultivating sheep for farmers is to supply commercial mutton sheep, to raise sheep by three or two crossbreeding, to breed hybrid first generation ewes or local ewes supplied by one or two terminal superior rams and more than 100 secondary sheep farms, to mate with terminal superior mutton breeds, and the hybrid produced is three or two crossbreeding commercial sheep, which has strong adaptability, low cost and high benefit This is the three kinds of sheep raising, i.e the improved breed of ram, the multiple birth of ewe (localization), and the hybrid breed of high-grade sheep We must pay attention to the utilization of local sheep, because they live in the local area for a long time, have strong adaptability, and are also important resources of the local area Vigorously carrying out hybridization and making full use of the adaptability and cheap resources of local sheep are favorable conditions for raising sheep in houses to obtain good benefits (2) to do a good job in the processing of grass and seed materials and establish a compound feed production system About 65 million tons of grain are used as feed every year in China, 85% of which are directly used by farmers to feed livestock and poultry The feed reward of this feeding method is about 1 / 3 lower than that of compound feed In this case alone, 18 million tons of feed grain will be consumed nationwide If 50% of feed grain can be processed into compound feed, hundreds of thousands of tons of animal products can be increased on the existing basis, and the direct contribution of compound feed industry can be saved by about 25% compared with single feed Compound feed factory with its own equipment and technical conditions, it is possible to reasonably use all kinds of feed raw materials, produce all kinds of compound feed with uniform components according to the formula, and sell them as commodities It can drive the rapid development of sheep raising industry The purpose of raising sheep is to obtain more and better animal products with less investment No matter at the macro level or at the micro level, the more the sheep, the better Under a certain amount of feed, the more the sheep, not only will not increase the products, but also because a large amount of feed nutrition is consumed to maintain, the animal products will be reduced, the operation loss and the economy will be reduced And the ecological benefits are not good, forming a vicious circle, just like the agricultural wide variety book Economic and ecological benefits are not good Therefore, the development of sheep breeding should be based on grass and livestock, and appropriate scale The old, the disabled, the weak and the inferior sheep, which consume too much and produce too little and eat too much, should be eliminated and slaughtered in time, the laid-off workers should be simplified, and the feed sheep houses should be saved for other sheep to eat and increase production Feed is the material basis for the development of sheep Sheep are herbivores The advantage of herbivores lies in grass Without sufficient forage, we can not talk about the quantity of developing sheep, without high-quality forage, we can not talk about improving the quality of sheep A skillful woman can't cook without rice There is no breed that grows fast without eating grass, and there is no technical expert who can raise sheep without forage Therefore, we should develop sheep with grass and livestock at the same time Only by planting good grass, raising good sheep and crossbreeding sheep can we get good benefits How much forage do you need? According to the general commercial adult sheep, each sheep needs 2-3kg of dry matter per day, that is to say, the daily intake of sheep accounts for about 3.5% of its body weight, and 1kg of dry grass needs 3-4kg of green grass for drying In the 2-3kg dry matter feed, the concentrate accounts for 1 / 3, the green hay accounts for 1 / 3, the green juicy feed accounts for 1 / 3, and the straw is eaten in the bottom pipe In feed quality, protein content should be about 15% Therefore, the legumes should account for 1 / 3 of the refined materials and hay At least 0.5 × 360 days = 180 kg of green hay should be stored for each sheep About sheep's feed production: it is mainly to plant grass to raise sheep and establish grass as industry, that is to say, to return farming to grass and animal husbandry to grass Who will plant grass and who will raise sheep? This is a matter of policy It needs careful consideration I will plant grass and you will raise sheep I will plant trees and you will enjoy the cool It is necessary to develop grass and raise sheep, and cultivate a large number of high-yield and high-quality forages suitable for local areas, such as alfalfa, smooth bromegrass, Astragalus adsurgens, forage corn, sorghum, beans, etc For example, the average yield of alfalfa hay per 0.067 hectare is 500-1000 kg, containing 20% protein, and that of corn per 0.067 hectare is 250-500 kg, containing 8% protein Therefore, planting grass is more cost-effective than planting grain Planting grass is the same as planting grain, which requires cultivated land, fertilization, watering and careful management You can't plant on land, without fertilization or watering It is necessary to carry out the ternary structure of grain, economy and feeding Because lambs grow fastest from birth to 7 months old The fattening of lambs in that year is to make use of the characteristics of rapid growth and development of lambs in the early stage and high feed conversion rate, and combine with other measures to