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Rolling Circle Amplification-Mediated Long Hairpin RNA Library Construction in Plants
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Long hairpin RNA (lhRNA) results in high efficiency of gene silencing; however, constructing multiple lhRNA vectors using traditional approaches is both time consuming and costly.
The rolling circle amplification (RCA)-mediated hairpin RNA (RMHR) construction system is suitable for generating hairpin libraries from any gene of interest or pool of genes.
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In Vitro Propagation of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) by Somatic Embryogenesis
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Embryogenic tissue is subcultured and multiplied on medium supplemented with reduced concentration of plant growth hormones.
Somatic embryos develop and mature by transfer to hormone-free medium and subsequent culture on medium containing low amount of benzyladenine.
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Culture Methods and Mutant Generation in the Filamentous Brown Algae Ectocarpus siliculosus
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Ectocarpus siliculosus is a small filamentous alga that has recently emerged as the new model for fundamental research on brown algae.
siliculosus material that can then be used in all types of molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology techniques.
siliculosus are described.
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Analysis of Enzyme Activities
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
The evaluation of enzyme activities, especially their capacities, represents an important step towards the modelling of biochemical pathways in living organisms.
Most of these enzymes are involved in central metabolism and several pathways are entirely covered.
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Alkaloids
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Alkaloids are a diverse group of organic bases containing secondary, tertiary, or cyclic amines.
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In Vitro Propagation of Cauliflower Using Curd Microexplants
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Although destined to produce flowers, most of these meristems are capable of regenerating vegetative shoots in vitro, making curd fragments an excellent material for the micropropagation of cauliflower.
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Producing a Recombinant Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase from Coffea arabica in Escherichia coli for Screening of Potential Natural Substrates
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Only few biological functions have been related with flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) in plants, such as specific roles in auxin biosynthesis, pathogen defense, and metabolism of glucosinolates.
Biochemical characterization using recombinant proteins is a promising approach to determine the precise specificity of plant FMOs for potential natural substrates.
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Transient Expression Assay by Agroinfiltration of Leaves
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
AnAgrobacterium -mediated transient expression assay has been described for in vivo analysis of constitutive or inducible gene expression inArabidopsis plants.
By simple infiltration ofAgrobacterium cells carrying appropriate gene constructs intoArabidopsis leaves, transient expression assays can be performed within 3 d without using expensive instruments or complicated procedures.
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Ramie.
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Archaeological evidence, china as early as more than 5,000 years ago began to use castor weaving cloth sewing.
Small green flowers in summer, male and female, conical flower sequence; use of castor is extremely wide, hemp can be textile fine beautiful "shabu", wearing cool away from sweat.
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Clovers (Trifolium spp.)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Gene technology can assist plant improvement efforts in clovers ( Trifolium spp.), aiming to improve forage quality, yield, and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.
An efficient and reproducible protocol forAgrobacterium -mediated transformation of a range of Trifolium species, using cotyledonary explants and different selectable marker genes, is described.
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Isoschizomers and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism for the Detection of Specific Cytosine Methylation Changes
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
One of them is a modification of the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique that has been used to study methylation of anonymous CCGG sequences in different fungi, plant and animal species.
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Cassava (Manihot esculentus)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Cultivated varieties up to 2000 , the main excellent varieties are: bread cassava, South Bay cassava, red-tailed species, Indonesian fine leaves, Nanyang purple skin, Nanyang green skin, rice cassava and so on.
Cassava has high economic value, the root is rich in starch, edible or paste, as the main raw material for industrial powder.
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Immunocytological Analysis of Chromatin in Isolated Nuclei
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
All cells in a multicellular organism have the same genetic constitution, yet their appearance and function may differ enormously, due to differences in the nuclear program.
The study of these epigenetic factors in individual cells requires the microscopic visualization of chromatin components.
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Genetic Transformation Protocols Using Zygotic Embryos as Explants: An Overview
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Mature or immature zygotic embryos have been a popular choice as explant or target tissue for genetic transformation in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.
This article summarizes the recent advances in plant transformation using zygotic embryos as explants.
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Introduction of the Early Pathway to Taxol Biosynthesis in Yeast by Means of Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Construction Using SOE-PCR and Homologous Recombination
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Besides the functional heterologous expression of the genes encoding the natural product biosynthetic pathway, often additional extensive modifications in the host primary metabolism are also needed, in order to obtain efficient supply of the required biosynthetic building blocks to support the engineered natural product biosynthesis.
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Isolation, Culture, and Plant Regeneration of Suspension-Derived Protoplasts of Lolium
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Despite many efforts during the last decade, regeneration from protoplasts ofLolium perenne L.
Recently, however, the use of nurse culture ( 4 , 5 ) and conditioned medium ( 5 , 6 ) has considerably improved plating efficiencies and reproducibility.
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Flux Balance Analysis as an Alternative Method to Estimate Fluxes Without Labeling
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
In this chapter, we introduce flux balance analysis as a constraint-based method for the prediction of optimal metabolic fluxes in a given metabolic network.
Furthermore, we provide a step-by-step protocol for metabolic network reconstruction and constraint-based analysis using the COBRA Toolbox.
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Zostero Phyllum
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
semi-land-based herbs that grow in the early mud basin marshes, represented by naked herb ferns.
In the past belonged to the work of ferns, now many people think that industrial ferns should independently establish the door of ferns, and no longer as members of the naked fern purpose.
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Raytheon
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Plant drought-tolerant, long-term per watering 1 time, should wait for the pot soil dried through and then watered again.
After autumn, Raytheon growth is slow, pot soil should be kept dry, otherwise low temperature moisture is very detrimental to plant growth.
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Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
This chapter provides reproducible methods for the transformation ofDendranthema �grandiflora ‘Shuhou-no-chikara’ (standard) and ‘Lineker’ (spray) stem internode thin cell layers (TCLs) and conventional stem internode explants usingAgrobacterium strains carrying a binary vector with β-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter andnpt II selector genes.
