-
Transgene Integration: Use of Matrix Attachment Regions
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are operationally defined asDNA elements that bind specifically to the nuclear matrix in vitro.
When MARs are positioned at the 5′- and 3′-ends of a transgene higher more predictable expression of the transgene results.
-
Callus, Suspension Culture, and Hairy Roots. Induction, Maintenance and Characterization
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
The growth is a characteristic of each culture and it is determinate by the origin of the species, culture conditions, and type of culture. In this chapter, we make a comparison of the different grow
-
Micropropagation of African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Successful in vitro propagation depends on the specific requirements and precise manipulation of various factors such as the type of explants used, physiological state of the mother plant, plant growth regulators in the culture medium, and growth conditions.
-
Analysis of Mutation/Rearrangement Frequencies and Methylation Patterns at a Given DNA Locus Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
RFLPs are typically detected as DNA fragments of different lengths after digestion with various restriction endonucleases.
Since DNA can be digested with methylation sensitive enzymes, the assay can also be used to analyze a methylation pattern of a particular locus.
-
14C Pulse Labeling to Estimate External Fluxes and Turnovers in Primary Metabolism
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
However, the modeling of steady state labeling allows the quantification of internal fluxes only and requires the estimation, by other methods, of the external fluxes, corresponding to substrate uptake (carbon input into the network) and to the production rate of compounds that accumulate within plant cells (network output).
-
Cuscuta chinensis
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
spin flower section, the genus of silk.
There are suction cups attached to the host everywhere.
Summer and autumn flowering, flowers small, white, often clusters born on the side of the stem.
Flower cup, 5 cracked.
Seeds are small, hazel or sepia.
-
Aoka
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
In some places, people have learned from their usual observations of Aoka trees that when the leaves turn red, it rains heavily in the area in a day or two.
-
栝蒌 (Trichosanthes kirilowii)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Several male flowers are in general flower order, slivers are egg-shaped, and flowers are cracked and pin-shaped.
Corolla cleavage top tasse-shaped, male 3 pieces, female flower monotony, sub-room egg-shaped, flower column 3 split, fruit near-spherical, tawny, with most seeds, seed flattened.
-
Fully Automated Compound Screening in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
High-throughput small molecule screenings in model plants are of great value to identify compounds that interfere with plant developmental processes.
However, compared to plant cellular systems,A.
thaliana plants are less amenable to develop high-throughput screening assays.
-
Orchids
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
In China, it is generally referred to as orchid plants, such as Chunlan, Yulan, Jianlan, Melan and Hanlan, which are mainly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River basin.
orchids are famous flowers in China and are widely cultivated in gardens.
-
Multiple Dimensions in Plant Signal Transduction: An Overview
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
These controls are necessary for adequate plant adjustment to the prevailing conditions, but at the same time they impose the need for sophisticated mechanisms to achieve adequate sensitivity towards signals and stability against noise.
Here we provide an overview of this multiplicity and its functional significance.
-
Electroporation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Deletion of theonc genes within the T region of the Ti plasmid results in nononcogenic strains.
If genes are added to the T region of the Ti plasmid, these are cotransferred to the plant cell.
-
In Vitro Propagation of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) by Somatic Embryogenesis
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Embryogenic tissue is subcultured and multiplied on medium supplemented with reduced concentration of plant growth hormones.
Somatic embryos develop and mature by transfer to hormone-free medium and subsequent culture on medium containing low amount of benzyladenine.
-
Vector Construction for Gene Overexpression as a Tool to Elucidate Gene Function
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Overexpression experiments may be particularly suitable in instances when genes are functionally redundant, when a plant species does not have good genetics, or when a knockout mutation is particularly deleterious.
-
Ardizabalaceae
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Woody vine, rare shrubs, leaves, palm-shaped compound leaves, a few feathery compound leaves, leaf handle base and small leaf handle at both ends of the often puffed into a section.
Seed egg-shaped or near-kidney shape, meaty and rich endosperm, embryo small and straight.
-
Shotgun Proteomics of Plant Plasma Membrane and Microdomain Proteins Using Nano-LC-MS/MS
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Shotgun proteomics allows the comprehensive analysis of proteins extracted from plant cells, subcellular organelles, and membranes.
Previously, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics was used for mass spectrometric analysis of plasma membrane proteins.
The results obtained are easily applicable to label-free protein semiquantification.
-
Tissue Preparation Using Arabidopsis
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Such treatments can result in subtle changes in the final chemical signature of the plant tissue, and therefore, any unwanted variance produced in the generation of that tissue must be minimised.
This chapter describes in detail how to generate reproducibleArabidopsis tissue suitable for a typical plant metabolomics experiment.
-
Rolling Circle Amplification-Mediated Long Hairpin RNA Library Construction in Plants
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Long hairpin RNA (lhRNA) results in high efficiency of gene silencing; however, constructing multiple lhRNA vectors using traditional approaches is both time consuming and costly.
The rolling circle amplification (RCA)-mediated hairpin RNA (RMHR) construction system is suitable for generating hairpin libraries from any gene of interest or pool of genes.
-
Analysis of Enzyme Activities
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
The evaluation of enzyme activities, especially their capacities, represents an important step towards the modelling of biochemical pathways in living organisms.
Most of these enzymes are involved in central metabolism and several pathways are entirely covered.
-
Culture Methods and Mutant Generation in the Filamentous Brown Algae Ectocarpus siliculosus
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Ectocarpus siliculosus is a small filamentous alga that has recently emerged as the new model for fundamental research on brown algae.
siliculosus material that can then be used in all types of molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology techniques.
siliculosus are described.
