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Identification and Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci that Control seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
This natural variation can be used to identify genes controlling this trait by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.
In this chapter, we describe how QTL mapping for seed dormancy inArabidopsis thaliana can be performed and how QTL analyses can be used to eventually identify the causal gene.
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Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay for the Analysis of Interactions of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Transcription Factors with DNA
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
The assay can be used to test DNA binding of either purified or recombinant proteins or uncharacterized binding activities present in crude protein extracts from plant cells or nuclei.
It allows the determination of the abundance, affinity, association rate constants, dissociation rate constants, and binding specificity of DNA-binding proteins.
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NMR Analysis of Viral Protein Structures
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the three-dimensional structure of proteins and nucleic acids at atomic resolution.
In addition to structure determination, NMR applications can investigate time-dependent phenomena, such as dynamic features of the biomacromolecules, reaction kinetics, molecular recognition, or protein folding.
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Bean potatoes
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Bean potato root has two types of flat circle and spindle shape, the former is small, delicate texture, early ripe, produced in Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places; the yield and quality of soybean potato is determined to a large extent by the nature of the soil, with a higher degree of weathering, good breathability, good drainage of yellow soil.
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Isotopomer Measurement Techniques in Metabolic Flux Analysis II: Mass Spectrometry
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Mass spectrometry (MS) offers a sensitive, reliable, and highly accurate method for measurement of isotopic labeling, which is required for generating comprehensive flux maps using metabolic flux analysis (MFA).
We describe the steps of sample preparation, MS analysis, and data handling required to obtain high-quality isotope labeling measurements that are applicable to MFA.
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Molecular Analysis of Transgenic Rice
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
It makes little sense to invest time and effort in assaying biological activities of transgenic plants if the plants do not contain a functional gene of interest.
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In Vitro Propagation of Succulent Plants
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Tissue-culture techniques have been applied to a wide range of succulents, and the relevant literature has recently been reviewed ( 1 , 2 ).
Here we describe methods for the micropropagation of cacti and other succulents that have been developed at Kew for overcoming the problems mentioned above.
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Molecular Markers for Genetics and Plant Breeding: The MFLP Marker System and Its Application in Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Since the development of molecular markers to tag genes of agronomic traits of interests, molecular markers have played an increasingly significant role in breeding programs.
Molecular markers have been implemented for large-scale marker-assisted selection in the breeding program of many important crops including lupin.
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Extraction and Purification of an Enzyme Potentially Involved in ABA Biosynthesis
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Such manipulation is very dependent on a detailed knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in the production of the hormones, and more precisely about the enzymes involved in this biosynthesis.
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Detection of Plant RNA Viruses by Nonisotopic Dot-Blot Hybridization
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Until now, methods based on the protein component of the viral particle have been mainly used in plant virus detection ( 1 , 2 ).
The application of recombinantDNA technology to plant virology has permitted the use of diagnostic methods based on the genomic component of viruses.
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Localization of Viral Proteins in Plant Cells: Protein Tagging
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
Methods are provided for (i) producing the constructs for transient expression from plasmids or virus-based vectors, (ii) introduction of constructs to plant epidermal cells; (iii) imaging of the expressed proteins by CLSM and image processing, and (iv) studying the expression in the presence of agents that affect the integrity or function of cytoskeletal elements.
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Construction of Infectious Clones for RNA Viruses: TMV
Time of Update: 2020-11-21
The generation of infectious clones is routinely the first step for reverse genetic studies of RNA plant virus gene and sequence function.
The procedure given here, details the creation of c DNA clones of tobacco mosaic virus, from which infectious transcripts can be generated in vitro with T7 RNA polymerase.
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14C Pulse Labeling to Estimate External Fluxes and Turnovers in Primary Metabolism
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
However, the modeling of steady state labeling allows the quantification of internal fluxes only and requires the estimation, by other methods, of the external fluxes, corresponding to substrate uptake (carbon input into the network) and to the production rate of compounds that accumulate within plant cells (network output).
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Aoka
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
In some places, people have learned from their usual observations of Aoka trees that when the leaves turn red, it rains heavily in the area in a day or two.
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Peach tree.
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Mythical legend of the "fairy peach" - golden peach, now commonly known as yellow meat peach, in the southwest, northwest cultivation is very wide, suitable for processing into canned food.
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Cuscuta chinensis
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
spin flower section, the genus of silk.
There are suction cups attached to the host everywhere.
Summer and autumn flowering, flowers small, white, often clusters born on the side of the stem.
Flower cup, 5 cracked.
Seeds are small, hazel or sepia.
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Transgene Integration: Use of Matrix Attachment Regions
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are operationally defined asDNA elements that bind specifically to the nuclear matrix in vitro.
When MARs are positioned at the 5′- and 3′-ends of a transgene higher more predictable expression of the transgene results.
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Micropropagation of African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Successful in vitro propagation depends on the specific requirements and precise manipulation of various factors such as the type of explants used, physiological state of the mother plant, plant growth regulators in the culture medium, and growth conditions.
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栝蒌 (Trichosanthes kirilowii)
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
Several male flowers are in general flower order, slivers are egg-shaped, and flowers are cracked and pin-shaped.
Corolla cleavage top tasse-shaped, male 3 pieces, female flower monotony, sub-room egg-shaped, flower column 3 split, fruit near-spherical, tawny, with most seeds, seed flattened.
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Analysis of Mutation/Rearrangement Frequencies and Methylation Patterns at a Given DNA Locus Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Time of Update: 2020-11-20
RFLPs are typically detected as DNA fragments of different lengths after digestion with various restriction endonucleases.
Since DNA can be digested with methylation sensitive enzymes, the assay can also be used to analyze a methylation pattern of a particular locus.
