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Clonal Propagation of Woody Species
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Tissue-culture technology is widely used for the vegetative propagation of selected plants in agriculture and horticulture and, to a lesser extent, in forestry.
However, a major problem in the propagation of woody plants is that most success is achieved with juvenile tissue and not from proven mature trees ( 3 , 4 ).
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Cyanogenic Glucosides/Cyanogens
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
The poisoning generally occurs due to consumption of new and young plants that contain higher amounts compared to the mature ones.
Poisoning and death may occur when an uninitiated animal rapidly consumes a plant with moderate to high levels of cyanogenic glucoside.
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Strategies for Viral Cross Protection in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
To investigate interference among virus strains and the plant host at an early stage of MSCP at a subcellular level, we developed a rapid micro-extraction method for the preparation of total nucleic acid (TNA), combined with other molecular methods, to monitor the interaction of virus strains at short time intervals in young plants.
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Isolation of Plant Polysomal mRNA by Differential Centrifugation and Ribosome Immunopurification Methods
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
To evaluate the translation state of an mRNA, ribosomal subunits, ribosomes, and polysomes can be isolated from detergent-treated cell extracts by high-speed differential centrifugation.
Here, we describe methods for the isolation and quantification of polysome complexes from plant tissues.
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Xenopus Oocytes as a Heterologous Expression System
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Xenopus oocytes were first used to express plant genetic material in 1979 ( 2 ), and in the past decade it has become increasingly evident that they are an appropriate and useful system to study plant proteins.
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Filamentous Fungi (Magnaporthe grisea and Fusarium oxysporum)
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
ATMT has been successfully applied to a phylogenetically diverse group of fungi and offers a number of advantages over conventional transformation techniques in both the random insertional mutagenesis and targeted gene knock-out.
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The Use of Chemical Genomics to Investigate Pathways Intersecting Auxin-Dependent Responses and Endomembrane Trafficking in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
We present a screen inArabidopsis thaliana to identify compound affecting auxin-dependent responses and components of the endomembrane system.
These bioactive compounds will be valuable tools for dissecting endomembrane trafficking and auxin signaling processes.
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Transient Gene Expression in Medicago truncatula Leaves via Agroinfiltration
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Using quantitative real-timePCR we demonstrate that the infiltration of a construct containing theLEGUME ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION 1 ( LAP1 ) transcription factor results in the strong upregulation of key biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of anthocyanin pigment in the leaves after just 3 days.
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Transformation of Plants Via the Shoot Apex
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
According to Cutter1 ), the apical meristem refers to only that portion of the shoot apex lying distal to the youngest leaf primordium.
True apical meristem culture of higher plants was first demonstrated by Smith and Murashige2 ).
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Automation of the Surface Sterilization System Procedure
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
e., an automated Surface Sterilization System [SSS]) to aid in the sterile establishment of explants.
The automated SSS reduces labor input and increases the effectiveness and reproducibility of the surface sterilization treatment (1) ( see Fig. 1).
Numerous disinfectant types and techniques have been developed to surface sterilize plants (2).
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Introduction of Cloning Plasmids into Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Most experiments utilizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector for the introduction of genes into plant cells commence in Escherichia coli .
A selectable marker for bacterial cells; 2.
A selectable marker for plant cells; 3.
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Functional Analysis of Legume Genome Arrays
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Although most of the ontological tools available are limited to organisms with well-annotated genomes, this chapter provides an overview of two complementary tools—MapMan and GeneBins/PathExpress—that are used to perform a functional analysis of legume gene expression data.
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Analysis of Locus-Specific Changes in Methylation Patterns Using a COBRA (Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis) Assay
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Methylation analysis at a given locus allows one to evaluate levels of chromatin packaging, gene expression, and even homologous recombination.
We have shown that the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) assay makes it possible to analyze methylation levels at a defined locus.
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In Vitro Analysis of Translation Enhancers
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Identification of translation enhancer elements is valuable, both to gain understanding of virus gene expression control and to apply them as tools for engineering gene expression in plant cells.
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A Protocol for High-Throughput Agrobacterium-Mediated Barley Transformation
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
The method is based on the inoculation of immature embryos withAgrobacterium and uses a hygromycin resistance gene to allow selection of transgenic plants.
The protocol described leads to average transformation efficiencies of 25 % meaning that large numbers of fertile transgenic plants can be produced.
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Protoplast Electrofusion and Regeneration in Potato
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Protoplast fusion and subsequent in vitro plant regeneration, leading to somatic hybridization, offer opportunities for transferring entire genomes from one plant into another, regardless of the interspecific crossing barriers.
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Metabolic Network Reconstruction and Their Topological Analysis
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Among the methods presented, the Elementary Flux Modes analysis will be more detailed.
Finally, we illustrate in this chapter an example of network reconstruction from heterotrophic plant cells metabolism and its topological analysis leading to a huge number of Elementary Flux Modes.
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Alkaloid Secondary Products from Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
However, it was soon found that plant cell cultures were often capable of producing compounds characteristic of the original plant.
The plant kingdom produces a vast range of secondary products, many of which, such as morphine and diosgenin, are of commercial interest.
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Transient Expression of Foreign Genes in Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana by Bombardment-Mediated Transformation
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
Since the pioneering studies of Klein et al.
( 1 ) and Chrtstou et al.
( 2 ) bombardment-mediated transformation has become a useful method for dehvermg foretgn genes mto plant cells ( 3 ).
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Telomere Truncation in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-15
The integration of telomere sequences into the genome by genetic transformation can create chromosome instability because the integrated telomere sequences tend to form de novo telomeres at the site of integration.
