-
Building a High-Density Genetic Map Using the AFLP Technology
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
The AFLP − (Keygene, Wageningen, The Netherlands) technology allows the simultaneous amplification of many restriction fragments in a single polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ).
Thus, the technology can be used to very efficiently detect restriction fragment polymorphisms.
-
Isotopically Nonstationary MFA (INST-MFA) of Autotrophic Metabolism
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
By combining several recently developed experimental and computational techniques, INST-MFA provides an important new platform for mapping carbon fluxes that is especially applicable to autotrophic organisms, which are not amenable to steady-state13 C MFA experiments.
-
Effects of Pulse Length and Strength on Electroporation Efficiency
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
There is a variety of commercial electroporation equipment, and many published and manufacturer-supplied protocols.
Many of these protocols are results of trial and error.
These empirical protocols are valuable guides for successful applications of electroporation.
-
Initiation and Transformation of Grapevine Embryogenic Cultures
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Embryogenic cultures are initiated from leaves or stamens and pistils and transformed withAgrobacterium containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein/neomycin phosphotransferase II (e gfp / nptII ) fusion gene.
Resulting cultures are transferred to somatic embryo development medium to induce secondary embryogenesis and formation of transgenic somatic embryos.
-
Glucosinolates
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Glucosinolates, a group of plant thioglucosides, occur naturally in many plant species.
More than 120 different side chains have been described, although glucosinolates are often divided into three groups according to the nature of their side chain: aliphatic, aromatic, and indolyl.
-
Regeneration of Transgenic Cassava From Transformed Embryogenic Tissues
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Putative transgenic shoots develop from transformed somatic cotyledons via shoot organogenesis or from FES via somatic embryogenesis under selection.
Transgenic plants are regenerated by the elongation of transgenic shootlets from organogenesis experiments and by the germination of or shoot development from transgenic mature embryos cultured without selection.
-
Agronomic Performance of Transgenic Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
The chief advantage of achieving virus resistance by the transgenic approach, as compared to breeding, is that resistance may be added to an established cultivar with little or no alteration in the proven agronomic performance of the cultivar.
-
Production of Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa subspecies japonica cv. Taipei 309)
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Estimated annual yield losses caused by Tungro virus infection of rice exceed $1.5 billion ( 1 ).
Rice ragged stunt virus causes the second most important viral disease, with economic losses exceeding $140 million annually.
Several tenuiviruses are also major pathogens in various rice-growing regions.
-
Amplification of Genomic Sequences Flanking T-DNA Insertions by Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL- PCR ) is an efficient tool for the recovery ofDNA fragments adjacent to known sequences.
The amplified products are suitable as templates for direct sequencing, or for cloning in vectors.
-
Barley Variety Identification Using SSRs
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
There is a current and developing need for rapid and accurate methods of barley varietal identification which go beyond traditional morphological analysis.
Methods usingDNA analysis have the capacity to fulfil this role with microsatellites being the current marker of choice.
-
Isolation and Characterization of Plant Genomic DNA Sequences via (Inverse) PCR Amplification
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
The basic principle is that following heat denaturing of the DNA sample two oligodeoxynucleotide primers are allowed to anneal to their target DNA sequences located at the opposite DNA strand.
-
Micropropagation of Prunus Species Relevant to Cherry Fruit Production
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Based on a 40 year-long experience of study and application of culture conditions to large-scale plant production, this document summarizes the main problems (variability of the propagation rate, hyperhydricity, apex necrosis, plant re-growth) and solutions encountered to solve them, with means validated on many mericlones.
-
Ecophysiological Process-Based Model to Simulate Carbon Fluxes in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
The conceptual framework of models of carbon acquisition, allocation, and metabolism in plants are first introduced, together with methods to calibrate and evaluate the validity of the resulting models.
In the last part of the chapter, methods used to measure the carbon flows at the plant scale are discussed.
-
Membrane and Protein Dynamics in Virus-Infected Plant Cells
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Therefore, to meet the challenges of diverse cell biology studies that will be derived from ongoing functional genomics projects, a series of methods relevant to the characterization of membrane and protein dynamics in virus-infected cells are provided here.
-
Isolation of Proteins Binding to Promoter Elements of Alkaloid Metabolism-Related Genes Using Yeast One-Hybrid
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Transcription factors involved in biosynthetic regulation can be isolated based on their ability to bind these specific promoter elements using yeast one-hybrid screening.
The aim of this chapter is to describe the yeast one-hybrid system for screening DNA-binding proteins potentially involved in transcriptional regulation.
-
Culture of Zygotic Embryos of Higher Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
In addition, embryo culture is a means of determining the nutritional factors favorable to normal embryogenesis.
The culture of zygotic embryos therefore permits us to determine the conditions in which the embryo grows in the ovary.
-
Genetic Transformation of Mature Citrus Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Invigoration of the source adult material, establishment of adequate transformation and regeneration conditions, and acceleration of plant development through grafting allowed us to produce transgenic mature sweet orange trees flowering and bearing fruits in a short time period.
-
Electrofusion of Plant Cells
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Electrofusion offers definite advantages over more commonly used protocols that make use of chemical stimulation to induce fusion.
Additionally, fusion events can be monitored microscopically, allowing the precise determination of the effects of various electrical parameters and, therefore, the use of optimum electrical values.
-
Electroporation of DNA into the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Recently developed techniques for efficient transformation ( 2 – 8 ) and insertional mutagenesis ( 9 ) ofChlamydomonas nuclear and organelle genomes promise to accelerate the genetic analysis of these and other complex cellular processes.
-
In Vitro Propagation of Jojoba
Time of Update: 2021-01-16
Vegetative propagation can be achieved by layering, grafting, or rooting semi-hardwood cuttings, but the highest number of possible propagules is limited by the size of the plants and time of the year.
This micropagation protocol produces large numbers of uniform plants from selected genotypes of jojoba.
