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Today, millions of people in the world have been vaccinated with the new crown vaccine developed based on mRNA technology.
This process is simple to say, but it is not easy to get mRNA through the cell membrane to reach the inside of the cell.
Obstacles to overcome for mRNA vaccine success
Obstacles to overcome for mRNA vaccine successThe mRNA in the mRNA vaccine encodes the antigenic protein on the surface of the new coronavirus.
Moreover, the mRNA chain is a long chain macromolecule with a negative charge.
Lipid Nanoparticles-Carriers for Delivery of mRNA into Cells
Lipid Nanoparticles-Carriers for Delivery of mRNA into Cells▲Schematic diagram of lipid nanoparticle structure (picture source: reference [3])
The LNP used in the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine now contains a variety of innovations accumulated by this technology in the past three decades.
A breakthrough in LNP technology is the use of so-called "ionizable lipids" (ionizable lipids, the green molecules in the picture above).
On the periphery of LNP, there are also PEGylated lipids modified by polyethylene glycol.
In addition, LNP also contains cholesterol and other auxiliary lipid molecules to help form the complete structure of LNP.
▲A schematic diagram of the mRNA vaccine carried by LNP enters the cell and releases mRNA to guide protein synthesis (picture source: reference [3])
When LNP touches the cell membrane, it will be swallowed by the cell into the cell to form a vesicle called endosome.
The "Renaissance" of Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery Technology
The "Renaissance" of Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery TechnologyBefore the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was widely used, the U.
The success of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna's new crown vaccine has inspired the enthusiasm for further optimization of LNP technology.
In addition to improving the delivery efficiency of LNP and reducing the toxicity of LNP, targeted delivery to specific tissues and cells in the human body is the next challenge that needs to be overcome in this field.
Reference materials:
[1] Without these lipid shells, there would be no mRNA vaccines for COVID-19.
[2] Let's talk about lipid nanoparticles.
Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not to recommend treatment options.
