Why is the mortality rate of new crown pneumonia much higher for men than for women?

2020 March 20 News / BioValley BIOON / --- According to statistics, in the world, the number of male deaths due to COVID-19 than womenwe can not help but wonder what is the reason for? Genes, hormones, immune system - or behavior, leading men are more likely to suffer from this disease? In fact, it is the interaction of all these factors causedThe prevalence of gender impact not only appear in the SARS-Cov-2 infectionFor most diseases, men and women have different response characteristics existgrim figuresin Italy and China, the number of male deaths are women more than twiceIn New York City, men accounted for about 61% of patients diedAustralia there have been similar results, although the main group of death in elderly patients is 70-79 years old and 80-89 year old age groupOne of the major variables affecting COVID 19-
severity of ageBut this can not explain the phenomenon of global pervasive gender differences, because every age from 30 years old to 90 years old, male mortality was significantly higher compared to womenConsidering the average life expectancy for women also average six years longer than men, and therefore, the number of older women more than menSo this result is very surprisingAnother major factorchronic diseases, especially heart disease, diabetes and cancerDue to a higher rate among men than women, which may cause a higher rate of infection in menBut we should be clear why the men to study characteristics COVID-19 susceptibility more prone to it?men and women are biologically differentdifferences in male and female sex chromosomes and genesWomen have two medium-sized chromosomes (called X)Men have only one X chromosome and a tiny Y chromosome contains very few genesYOne of these genes (of SRY) to guide the male embryo into embryos by actuating XY testis developmentTesticular androgens, under the action of the latter, and gradually develop into male embryosOn the contrary, in the absence of SRY, there will be formed and the ovaries produce estrogen, leading to the formation of the female genderIt is this hormone controls the most obvious difference between men and women, including the genitals, breasts, hair and body, and behavior have a significant impactY chromosomes and chromosome other hormonesY SRY hardly any other foreign gene, but full repeat ( "junk DNA")These DNA sequences may lose control in the aging processThis may speed up the aging men and make them more susceptible to the virusbut for men, the bigger problem is generated SRY androgenStudies have shown that testicular androgen levels associated with many diseases, especially heart disease, and may affect life expectancy Men also because low estrogen levels is more susceptible to a variety of diseases, including heart disease androgen also affect behavior Studies have shown that, because of differences in male and female androgen levels of expression, and therefore easier to male risk behaviors (such as smoking and alcohol) and a reluctance to listen to advice from health professionals appear extreme differences in male and female smoking rates in China (almost half of the men had a history of smoking, while women the figure was only 2%) may help to explain the high proportion of male deaths Smoking is not only a cause of serious respiratory disease risk factors, but also cause lung cancer a better than two X chromosomes X chromosome with a plurality of 000 genes, with various objects in daily metabolic function, blood clotting and brain development, and the like even if a gene on the X mutation, the presence of two copies of the X chromosome can provide some degree of cushioning women However, due to the lack of male extra copy of the X chromosome Therefore more likely to suffer from gender-related diseases, such as hemophilia (blood clotting bad) In addition, based on studies in mice showed that the number of X chromosomes also have a significant impact on many metabolic characteristics On the other hand, women not only have more X gene, but also likely to benefit from the diversification benefits brought allele Another problem from the immune system for a long time, we know that women's immune system is stronger than men This is not all a good thing, because it makes women more likely to develop lupus, and multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases However, just as many studies in mice and humans indicated that in terms of the sensitivity of the virus to women brings advantages This helps explain why men are more susceptible to many viruses including SARS and MERS, including There are at least 60 genes on the immune response to a X-chromosome, and higher expression levels and the ability of such diverse characteristics gene outside infection defense more women nature of gender differences behind previous studies have shown that many diseases exist significant gender differences in risk, severity and treatment COVID-19 is just one of them Not only are humans - most mammals alike From an evolutionary point of view, whether gender differences in disease susceptibility is just a by-product of genetic and hormonal differences do? Or because of differences in lifestyle, which like many other features, like the emergence of different evolutionary strategies in both men and women do? studies have shown that male mammals by winning spouse to help spread their genes, therefore, its hormonal regulation in more risky behavior in men is a plus point In turn, requires a higher female mammals immune system, to enhance their ability to care for their young Thus, gender differences occurring in mortality COVID-19, may only be a small fraction of the many differences in male and female long evolutionary history generated (Biovalley Bioon.com) References: 1.Whydomoremendiefromcoronavirusthanwomen 2.COVID-19sex-disaggregateddatatracker 3.Here'swhythecoronavirusmaybekillingmorementhanwomen? .TheUSshouldtakenote 4.Whatmakesyouamanorawoman? GeneticistJennyGravesexplains 5.Howtestosteroneaffectsrisktakingbehaviour 6.Theprotectiveroleofestrogenandestrogenreceptorsincardiovasculardiseaseandthecontroversialuseofestrogentherapy 7.ExploringtheBiologicalContributionstoHumanHealth