Why is the flu vaccine repeated? Scientists find the key reason

year, governments and public health organizations advise the public to get the flu vaccine. But so far, flu vaccines have not been as effective as they should be, often for short periods of time.
August, a study in Science found the key to why it's impossible to say goodbye to the flu with one shot: myeloid plasma cells. After vaccination, the rapidly active myeloid plasma cells become inactive within a few months. The findings may provide new ideas for vaccine durability research.
, rubella and diphtheria vaccines, which provide lifelong protection through a single injection, work best. But this is not the case with influenza vaccines, whose effectiveness changes from year to year. If you live in temperated areas, the effectiveness of the vaccine in early autumn is likely to disappear before the end of the winter.
, of Emory University School of Medicine, has long focused on B cells in the bone marrow. B cells produce antibodies against the virus, and in 1996 Ahmed discovered that there was a B cell in the bone marrow - bone marrow plasma cells that continue to produce antibodies after vaccination or infection with the virus, and that some bone marrow plasma cells can survive for years. In theory, this means that such cells can provide permanent immunity.
memory B cells produce antibodies in the same way, but are less stable than bone marrow plasma cells. Moreover, memory B cells can only be recognized more quickly if they are exposed to a particular virus again. This means that it is only a few days after infection that high levels of antibodies can be produced, a disadvantage for the current flu vaccine.
and others repeatedly examined the bone marrow and blood of 53 vaccinators. The volunteers, aged 20-45, were given bone marrow and blood in the weeks and months before and after the flu vaccine, and the researchers examined the samples.
researchers found that four weeks after getting the flu vaccine, bone marrow pulp cells in the blood that are resistant to the flu virus can be observed, but they disappear after a year.
although the study did not find more durable protective bone marrow plasma cells, it provided others with ideas for research, such as producing more bone marrow plasma cells, or stimulating longer protective effects of bone marrow plasma cells.
, adding adages to the vaccine may be the solution, which could help increase the amount of viral protein in the vaccine. Added admonicides are common in vaccines, but it is not clear whether they trigger a longer-lasting protective effect in myeloid plasma cells, and so far most flu vaccines on the market do not contain admonuts.
hope that people will no longer be vaccinated against adulturation for the next decade, but the industry as a whole is still very difficult to change. Ahmed said. (Source: Yuan Liu, China Science Journal)
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