Why does COVID-19 cause loss of taste and smell? How is it different from other situations?

, June 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/-- In March 2020, Google's search for phrase
s "can't taste food" or "why i can't smell it" surged around the world, especially in the areas where the COVID-19 outbreak is most severeStill, many of us have experienced temporary changes in food tastes due to colds or fluSo, is COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, special in its influence on smell and taste?John EHayes and Valentina Parma are researchers who study the relationship between human behavior and the chemicals people feel in their daily livesAfter learning that COVID-19 may have different effects on taste and smell, they thought their expertise might be relevant, so they began to workthe taste of food is more than just taste
when people "taste" food, they are experiencing input from three different sensory systems that are woven together to form a single sense of unityStrictly speaking, taste describes five sensations we feel on the tongue, including sweet, salty, bitter, sour and freshFresh taste refers to the meaty taste of broth, cheese, fish sauce, or dried tomatoesPicture Source: Other feelings of food are generated by our sense of smell, even though we feel it through the mouthWhen chewed, volatile chemicals are releasedThese chemicals reach the olfactory receptor at the top of the nasal cavity through the back of the throat, just behind your glasses on your nosethe third sensory system associated with food taste includes tactile and temperature nerves, which can also be activated by chemicalsThis is called a chemical introduction In the mouth, these sensations include the burning sensation of chili peppers, the cooling sensation of mouthwash or mint, the tingling sensation of carbonate, and the hum of Sichuan peppers These three chemical sensory systems -- taste, smell, and chemical induction -- work together to define our perception of food common viral infections attack the nose more than the mouth
loss of smell is a common symptom of many viruses, including rhinoviruses, influenza, paraflu and coronaviruses, which are often attributed to inflammation of the nasal cavity, limiting airflow If your nose is blocked, you can't smell anything, which is not surprising Usually, the other two systems -- taste and oral chemistry -- are not affected, because a blocked nose doesn't change our ability to taste the sweetness of sugar or the burning of red peppers Over time, most patients' sense of smell recovered, but occasionally some did not The causes vary, but in some individuals, inflammation caused by viral diseases appears to permanently damage the key structurearounds around the olfactory receptor SARS-CoV-2 is different from other viruses
first-hand reports since early spring 2020 indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the new coronavirus that causes COVID-19, may have a more severe effect on the nose than the common cold or flu These reports are not only more frequent, but also different from what you usually see a British surgeon with COVID-19 posted a video on Twitter showing that he had lost the ability to feel the burning of chili peppers Others, such as Caela Camazine, a college student at Pennsylvania State University, reported losing their sense of smell and taste altogether, but no nasal congestion based on the surge in Google searches and these atypical descriptions of chemical sensory loss, more than 600 researchers, clinicians and patient advocates from 60 countries formed the Global Chemical Sensory Research Alliance The Global Chemical Sensory Research Alliance conducted a global survey in 32 languages to better understand the feelings of patients with COVID-19 The preliminary results of their investigation support the view that the losses associated with COVID-19 are not limited to the sense of smell, as many patients also report interruptions in taste and chemical reactions our understanding of how the SARS-CoV-2 virus interferes
our understanding of how the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects multiple sensory systems is still limited, but it is improving every day Preliminary studies have shown that the olfactory disorder in patients with COVID-19 is caused by cell interruption seisferating that supports olfactory neurons In our noses, we have a nerve cell called olfactory sensor neurons, which are covered by olfactory receptors that regulate certain volatile chemicals When a chemical binds to an odor receptor, the olfactory neurons send a signal to the brain, which we think of as an odor It is worth noting that the virus does not appear to directly target olfactory sensory neurons picture source: Instead, the virus appears to be targeting special support cells that nourish olfactory sensory neurons These support cells are covered by a different receptor, the ACE2 receptor, which acts as an entry point for the virus Conversely, the way SARS-CoV-2 may directly affect taste and chemistry remains unknown can patients with COVID-19 recover? We just don't know if COVID-19 patients can restore their sense of smell, taste and chemical reactions Many patients reported full recovery within two to three weeks, while others reported a loss of their feelings for many weeks In order to contact other people who suffer from loss of smell and taste due to COVID-19, it is possible to consider seeking help from organizations that defend those who have lost their sense of smell and taste (BioValleyBioon.com) References: 1 COVID-19, smell and taste - how is COVID-19 from other breath? 2 The Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research 3
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