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A new study reports that immune cell responses to bacteria differentially affect the intrinsic excitability of neuronal cell subtypes in rats
If a neuron can be viewed as a battery that stores and discharges, then its intrinsic excitability can be viewed as the battery's storage capacity
Like all immune cells, microglia's role is to kill pathogens and infections, and their activity is thought to regulate the intrinsic excitability of neurons
"For example, uncontrollable intrinsic excitability has been attributed to psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders," explains author Gen Ohtsuki from Kyoto University
Current knowledge about neuronal regulation comes from experiments analyzing Purkinje cells
The team observed that calcium-activated SK ion channels in pyramidal cells were regulated by microglia, as were Purkinje cells
"The effect is quite the opposite," Ohtsuki noted
Pyramidal cells appear to respond to the same cytokines — TNFα or tumor necrosis factor — secreted by activated microglia: one of the most common cytokines released by immune cells in response to infection
However, differences in SK channel regulation resulted in lower intrinsic excitability in pyramidal cells and higher intrinsic excitability in Purkinje cells
"The effects of microglia in one part of the brain should not be generalized to the whole organ," warns Ohtsuki
Microglia-triggered hypoexcitability plasticity of pyramidal neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex
