What is iodine and what are its effects and hazards

Excessive iodine intake can lead to thyroid disease, and iodine deficiency can also lead to thyroid disease
.

Today we will take a comprehensive look at iodine, especially how to evaluate iodine deficiency
.

Iodine, where it comes from, at present, the source of iodine, there are mainly the following 5: containing iodized salt; Foods containing iodine, including some marine fish, seafood, kelp, especially kelp and seaweed
.

Some iodine-rich drinking water; vegetables, fruits, etc.
grown in iodine-rich soils; Milk, you may not usually pay attention to
.

Because the feed of dairy cows may be rich in iodine, and the need for iodine disinfection for cattle in dairy processing, a part of the iodine will also be absorbed, so the iodine content in some milk is still relatively high
.

Iodine is clinically used to treat and improve skin infections and disinfections
.

Commonly used dosage forms are glycerol and tincture.


Glycerol agents are often used to treat oral mucosal ulcers and periodontitis and gingivitis
.

The type of drug is a disinfectant preservative, wherein the properties of the drug are that the contents of the iodine tincture are reddish-brown clear liquid with an odor
.

The contents of iodoglycerin are, a reddish-brown viscous liquid with a particularly odor of iodine
.

It can be purchased by general pharmaceutical companies
.

How much iodine the human body needs According to the current recommendations of the World Health Organization, the amount of iodine needed by different groups of people is not the
same.

If it is an infant or a child under 5 years old, the daily iodine intake is about 90 micrograms
.

The daily iodine intake for children between 6 and 12 years old is 120 micrograms
.

The daily iodine intake for children over 12 years of age or adults is 150 micrograms
.

In pregnant or lactating women, the daily iodine requirement is 250 micrograms
.

The above is the daily iodine requirement given by the World Health Organization
.

4 hazards of iodine deficiency 1.
Iodine deficiency will lead to hypothyroidismIodine is the main raw material for thyroid hormone synthesis, after the lack of iodine, thyroid hormone synthesis is insufficient, there will be some clinical manifestations
of hypothyroidism.

2.
Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter and iodine deficiency may lead to goiter, or nodular goiter
.

Because of the lack of iodine, insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones, its negative feedback effect on the pituitary gland or hypothalamus is weakened, TSH secretion increases, it will compensate thyroid gland cells, resulting in diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, or nodular enlargement, promote the proliferation
of thyroid follicular cells.

As a result, nodules can appear in the thyroid gland, which are likely to develop cystic changes or bleeding, or even calcification
.

3.
Iodine deficiency leads to hyperthyroidism This may be a little confusing, this is because of long-term iodine deficiency, negative feedback weakened, long-term increase in TSH, can be thyroid, resulting in some thyroid nodules appear to autonomously secrete thyroid hormones, that is, high-function nodules or adenomas, which can lead to hyperthyroidism
.

Therefore, do not think that iodine deficiency must only have hypothyroidism, in fact, the possibility of hyperthyroidism also exists
.

4.
Women who affect the development of the fetus pregnancy, if iodine deficiency, especially severe iodine deficiency, may affect the development
of the fetus.

Because the iodine of the fetus mainly comes from the mother, and the development of the fetal nervous system or the development of the neural tube and the development of the central nervous system require iodine, if iodine deficiency their development will be affected
.

In addition, iodine deficiency can also lead to fetal hypothyroidism, and some fetuses will also have psychiatric symptoms, and even neonatal or infant death
.

Therefore, the nutritional status of iodine is very important
for both children and adults.

Especially for pregnant women, whether the nutritional status of iodine is sufficient is of great significance
to the growth of the fetus.

How to assess whether iodine intake is sufficient because 90% of the body's iodine intake is excreted through urine, so the concentration of urine iodine, including a single time, or urine iodine creatinine ratio has the same significance
.

It can assess whether the amount of iodine in the body is sufficient, that is, an effective means
of assessing whether the daily intake of iodine is sufficient.

At present, adequate iodine intake is routinely assessed primarily by measuring urinary iodine, generally in terms of median urine iodine concentration
.

The current World Health Organization defines the range of median urinary iodine concentrations for iodine deficiency as follows: the median urine iodine for general mild iodine deficiency is 50-99 μg/L; The median urine iodine for moderate iodine deficiency is 20-49 μg/L
.

The median urinary iodine for severe iodine deficiency is less than 20 μg/L
.

In the general population, the median average iodine intake is 150 μg, corresponding to a median urinary iodine concentration of 100 μg/L
.

At present, the country after salt iodization, normal diet generally will not appear iodine deficiency, due to different regions, different eating habits, but also need to pay attention to the problem
of iodine overdose.

Therefore, if necessary, urine iodine can be checked to understand the nutritional status of iodine, and iodine intake can neither be too much nor too little
.