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On June 17, 2022, one of the most significant outcomes of the fisheries subsidies negotiations in 21 years, the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement), was adopted at the 12th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) (MC12
).
The Agreement is the first WTO agreement aimed at achieving environmental sustainable development goals, and the agreement has laid a solid foundation
for achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
What exactly are fisheries subsidies in the Agreement, which fisheries subsidies are prohibited, and how do they relate to the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?
).
The Agreement is the first WTO agreement aimed at achieving environmental sustainable development goals, and the agreement has laid a solid foundation
for achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
What exactly are fisheries subsidies in the Agreement, which fisheries subsidies are prohibited, and how do they relate to the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?
1
With regard to "supplementation": The Agreement applies to subsidies of a specific nature related to marine fishing
Fisheries subsidies under the Agreement must meet both of the following conditions
.
The first is a specific subsidy
that meets the definition of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (hereinafter referred to as the SCM Agreement).
Second, the subsidy covers marine fishing and fishing-related activities
at sea.
It is worth mentioning that the scope of fisheries subsidies under the agreement does not cover aquaculture and inland fishing
.
.
The first is a specific subsidy
that meets the definition of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (hereinafter referred to as the SCM Agreement).
Second, the subsidy covers marine fishing and fishing-related activities
at sea.
It is worth mentioning that the scope of fisheries subsidies under the agreement does not cover aquaculture and inland fishing
.
2
On "ban": The core discipline of the Agreement is the prohibition of two types of harmful fisheries subsidies
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) notes that marine fishery resources continue to decline
.
In 2019, the proportion of fishery stocks within the range of biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 64.
6%, down 1.
2%
from 2017.
Harmful fisheries subsidies are a key factor in the depletion of
the world's fishery resources.
The Agreement explicitly prohibits harmful fisheries subsidies, which is important
for maintaining the sustainable development of the oceans.
.
In 2019, the proportion of fishery stocks within the range of biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 64.
6%, down 1.
2%
from 2017.
Harmful fisheries subsidies are a key factor in the depletion of
the world's fishery resources.
The Agreement explicitly prohibits harmful fisheries subsidies, which is important
for maintaining the sustainable development of the oceans.
In the Agreement, the following two types of subsidies
are mainly prohibited.
One is to ban subsidies
for illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
IUU fishing is one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems, and the Agreement prohibits members from granting or maintaining subsidies related to IUU fishing and requires members to inform them of legislative and enforcement measures
taken to that end.
IUU fishing may be identified by coastal members, flag State members and regional fisheries management organizations
.
The second is to prohibit subsidies
for overfished fish stocks.
Key elements include prohibiting members from granting or maintaining fishing subsidies associated with overfished fish stocks, and which types of fish stocks can be determined by relevant coastal members and RFMOs
.
are mainly prohibited.
One is to ban subsidies
for illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
IUU fishing is one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems, and the Agreement prohibits members from granting or maintaining subsidies related to IUU fishing and requires members to inform them of legislative and enforcement measures
taken to that end.
IUU fishing may be identified by coastal members, flag State members and regional fisheries management organizations
.
The second is to prohibit subsidies
for overfished fish stocks.
Key elements include prohibiting members from granting or maintaining fishing subsidies associated with overfished fish stocks, and which types of fish stocks can be determined by relevant coastal members and RFMOs
.
In response to these two types of prohibited subsidies, the Agreement provides special and differential treatment
for developing members.
For a period of two years after the entry into force of the Agreement, subsidies provided by developing members are not subject to the WTO dispute settlement procedure
.
A fisheries fund
will also be established to provide technical assistance and capacity-building support to developing members.
for developing members.
For a period of two years after the entry into force of the Agreement, subsidies provided by developing members are not subject to the WTO dispute settlement procedure
.
A fisheries fund
will also be established to provide technical assistance and capacity-building support to developing members.
3
The Agreement implements Sustainable Development Goal 14
At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted, and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, calling on the world to take action to end poverty, protect the planet, and improve the lives and futures
of all.
of all.
Goal 14 of the Sustainable Development Goals is "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development"
.
Target 14.
6 of Target 14 further refines the negotiating mandate
for fisheries subsidies.
Target 14.
6 specifically reads: ban subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing; eliminate subsidies that promote IUU fishing; and equitable and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed members is an integral part of
WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations.
.
Target 14.
6 of Target 14 further refines the negotiating mandate
for fisheries subsidies.
Target 14.
6 specifically reads: ban subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing; eliminate subsidies that promote IUU fishing; and equitable and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed members is an integral part of
WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations.
The Agreement implements Sustainable Development Goal 14.
6 (SDG 14.
6) and is essential
to improving the sustainability of fisheries and driving the development of a sustainable blue economy.
6 (SDG 14.
6) and is essential
to improving the sustainability of fisheries and driving the development of a sustainable blue economy.
