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| Walk like a man, climb like a monkey |
Left: The vertebrae and other skeletal remains of Australopithecus source species.
Right: The reconstruction of the life of Australopithecus source species
.
Image source: Left (New York University, University of Witwatersrand), right (Sculpture: Elisabeth Daynes / Photography: S.
Left: The vertebrae and other skeletal remains of Australopithecus source species.
e-Life
The latest fossil was found in a mining tunnel next to the Malapa site in 2015.
These fossils include 4 spine bones from the lower back of women and a bone called "sacrum" that connects the spine and pelvis
.
This discovery confirms that the source species is the same as humans, with only 5 lumbar vertebrae
"The lumbar region is essential for understanding the bipedal walking characteristics of our earliest ancestors and how to adapt to bipedal walking
.
" said Scott Williams, the corresponding author of the study and a professor at New York University and University of Witwatersrand, related to a series of lumbar vertebrae.
The discovery of the new specimen means that Issa is one of the only two early ancient human skeletons with relatively complete lower body vertebrae and teeth, which allows scientists to determine which species these vertebrae belong to
.
Berger said that the waist area of Issa may be the best-preserved lower back of ancient humans so far, and its integrity gave the research team an unprecedented understanding of the anatomy of the species' lower back
.
Lordosis causes the lumbar spine to bend inward, and is usually used to demonstrate a strong adaptability to bipedal walking
.
However, more complete spine and fossils indicate that the lordosis curve of the source species is actually more extreme than any Australopithecus found so far.
"Although lordosis and other features clearly represent adaptation to bipedal walking, we also observed other features, such as a large upward transverse process that indicates strong trunk musculature, which may be suitable for arboreal behavior
.
" Said Gabrielle Russo, one of the authors and professor at Stony Brook University of New York
Cody Prang, a professor at Texas A&M University who studies how ancient humans walked and climbed, said: "The spine connects all of this
.
In what way are these combinations of characteristics retained in our ancient ancestors, including effective bipedal walking and The potential adaptability of climbing trees may be one of the most important unanswered questions in the origin of mankind
Related paper information: https://doi.
https://doi.
org/10.
7554/eLife.
70447
