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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
, a soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease on a wide range of dicotyledonous plants, has been used most widely as a vehicle for gene transfer into plants (
1
,
2
). The transferred genes are stably integrated into the genomes of the transgenic plants and are transmitted to progeny as dominant mendelian traits (
3
,
4
). Since the production of auxins and cytokinins coded by oncogenes on T-
DNA
is often incompatible with normal plant development, it is often desirable to “disarm” the plasmids by removing the oncogenes and, therefore, allow the transformed plant cells to differentiate in a normal manner, rather than grow in a tumorous fashion.