Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C... Comprehensive interpretation of the four blood lipids!

With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's health awareness, lipid examination has been a necessary item for most physical examinations, according to statistics, Chinese adult dyslipidemia reached 40.

Today, I will introduce to you the four most important values in the blood lipid report sheet - the four items of blood lipids, what is its source and meaning, let's learn it

The four lipids include:

Triglycerides (TG);

Total cholesterol (TC);

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C);

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C

What are lipids?

Blood lipids are a general term for

Total cholesterol (TC)

The sum of the cholesterol contained in all lipoproteins in the blood is endogenous and exogenous

■ Reference range: 0.

■ Edge elevation: ≥ 5.

■ Height: ≥ 6.

The main factors that affect TC levels are:

(1) Age and gender: TC levels often rise with age, but after the age of 70, it no longer rises or even declines, young and middle-aged women are lower than men, and women's postmenopausal TC levels are higher

(2) Dietary habits: Long-term intake of high cholesterol and high saturated fatty acids can increase

(3) Genetic factors: Enzyme or gene receptor gene mutations, such as familial hereditary hypercholesterolemia, are the main causes of

(4) Lack of exercise: elevated TC is common in atherosclerosis, primary hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc

Triglycerides (TG)

TG is mainly involved in the metabolism of energy in the human body and the generation of heat energy

The main source of TG is not meat, but staple food, dessert.

■ Reference range: 0.

■ Edge elevation: ≥ 1.

■ Height: ≥ 2.
3mmol/L
.

The TG level of the same individual is greatly affected by factors such as diet and different times, so the TG value of the same individual may vary
greatly when measured multiple times.
Fasting measurement
is generally required clinically.

Elevated TG may be seen in familial heredity, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, biliary obstruction, hypothyroidism, acute pancreatitis, glycogen accumulation, primary triglycerides, alcoholism; Decline is generally seen in liver disease, hyperthyroidism, etc
.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)

■ Reference range: 0-3.
4mmol/L;

■ Ideal level: < 2.
6mmol/L;

■ Edge elevation: ≥ 3.
4mmol/L and < 4.
1mmol/L;

■ Height: ≥ 4.
1mmol/L
.

Factors affecting TC can also affect LDL-C levels
.
Elevated LDL-C is a major, independent risk factor
for the development and development of atherosclerosis.

LDL-C enters the blood vessel wall through the endothelium of the blood vessels, and the LDL-C retained in the subenthelial layer is modified to oxidized LDL-C (ox-LDL-C), and macrophages engulf ox-LDL-C to form foam cells, which are increasing and fusing to form the lipid core
of the atherosclerotic plaque.

Numerous studies have shown that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response disease, and LDL-C is likely to be an essential element
in the initiation and maintenance of this chronic inflammatory response.

In general, LDL-C is parallel to TC, but TC levels are also affected by HDL-C levels, so it is best to replace TC with LDL-C values to assess the risk
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

In addition, patients with coronary heart disease stratify according to risk, with different lipid-lowering goals:

High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C)

■ Reference range: 1.
16-2.
42mmol/L;

■ Reduction: < 1.
0mmol/L<b10>.

Because HDL-C can transport cholesterol in the blood vessel wall to the liver for catabolism (that is, cholesterol reversal), it can reduce the deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessel wall and play an anti-atherosclerotic effect, so it is called "good" cholesterol
.

It is generally believed that HDL-C is inversely correlated
with the incidence and extent of lesions of cardiovascular disease.
However, it is important to note that high levels of HDL-C are not necessarily beneficial in all situations
.

Levels of HDL-C are clearly influenced by genetic factors, with decreased HDL-C commonly seen in severe malnutrition, hepatitis, anemia, and cirrhosis, while exercise and low alcohol consumption raise HDL-C
.

Treatment of hyperlipidemia

For patients with hyperlipidemia, dietary therapy and lifestyle improvement are the basic measures
for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Whether or not medication is performed, it is important to adhere to diet control and lifestyle
improvement.
A good lifestyle includes sticking to a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, staying away from tobacco, and maintaining an ideal weight
.

When lipids cannot be controlled simply by improving lifestyle, statins should be given promptly
.
When coronary heart disease has developed, antiplatelet and anti-myocardial ischemia therapy should be given at the same time
.

： ，
。 Video Applet Like, double tap to cancel Like in Watch, tap twice to cancel Watch