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A few years ago, it was discovered that a group of women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer also had a mutation in two genes, namely BRCA1 and BRCA2
.
Since then, genes and the proteins they encode have attracted great attention from the scientific community
Genes can be viewed as the codebook for the way in which the building blocks of cells—proteins—are produced
.
If you inherit a mutation in a gene, there will be errors in the codebook, leading to errors in the protein
Today, we know that the gene and the protein BRCA2 encoded by BRCA2 play a key role in repairing certain types of DNA damage in cells
.
If DNA damage cannot be repaired, it can lead to cancer
Now, in a new study, researchers at the University of Copenhagen have shown that BRCA2 requires a special enzyme, PP2A-B56, to repair DNA damage
.
This enzyme is the so-called household enzyme, which refers to an enzyme with many different functions in the cell
"We found that there is an interaction between BRCA2 and this enzyme, which is the key to the cell's ability to repair DNA damage
.
At the same time, we can see that mutations that weaken this interaction reduce the ability to repair DNA damage
"We tested mutations that affect the interaction between enzymes and BRCA2 found in cancer patients, and we can see that they affect how cells respond to substances used in chemotherapy," she said
.
The researchers hope that this study can provide important information about potential cancer risks and provide more targeted treatments for cancer patients with BRCA2 mutations
.
Targeted treatment in the future
To get these results, the researchers introduced various mutant versions of BRCA2 in human cells into the laboratory and studied their ability to support DNA repair
.
They found that if they mutate BRCA2 and interrupt the interaction between the enzyme and BRCA2, the cell can no longer repair the damaged DNA
Many studies have suggested the role of this enzyme in repairing DNA damage
.
However, this study by the University of Copenhagen is the first to directly record this process
"We can now say that the interaction of the PP2A-B56 enzyme with BRCA2 is necessary to repair DNA damage in an appropriate and healthy way
.
We also know that mutations in this enzyme itself are related to the development of certain types of cancer
This result can pave the way for cancer patients with specific mutation groups to receive more targeted treatments in the future
.
DOI
10.
1038 / s41467-021-26079-0
Article title
A complex of BRCA2 and PP2A-B56 is required for DNA repair by homologous recombination
