The weakness and strength of China's agriculture

Introduction: at the fifth session of the Ninth CPPCC Committee, the proposal on actively coping with agricultural "accession to the WTO" issued by the Central Committee of the Jiu San Society was listed as No 1 proposal This proposal analyzes the weaknesses and strengths of China's agriculture and puts forward countermeasures According to the proposal, land intensive agricultural production is a weak point in China This is determined by the basic national conditions of our country, which is more people and less land The average operating area of farmers in China is only 0.5 hectares, less than half of that in Japan and South Korea, equivalent to 1 / 332 and 1 / 7702 in the United States and Australia respectively, which leads to the lack of competitiveness of agricultural products The average price of wheat, corn, soybean, rape and sugar in China is about 10% - 50% higher than that in the international market To change this situation, we need to take three countermeasures: GVP 1 Through the construction of small towns and the development of township enterprises, the tertiary industry and other efforts to create non-agricultural jobs, so that farmers with conditions can leave the land and enter other fields On the basis of stabilizing the household contract system and under the principle of voluntariness, we should promote the moderate scale operation through the paid transfer of land use right, so as to improve the intensive degree and scale efficiency of agriculture GVP 2 Withdraw the land that is not suitable for grain production, and let the farmers adjust the planting structure according to the local conditions according to the market demand and the principle of comparative benefit independently, so as to improve the land use value GVP 3 We will increase investment in agriculture, especially grain and other major agricultural product producing areas, improve production and operation conditions, and improve our ability to resist risks We will make full use of the relevant provisions of the WTO rules and take internationally accepted policies and measures to support agriculture, so as to reduce production costs and improve market competitiveness We will increase efforts to build rural infrastructure and improve production conditions In order to reduce the burden of farmers, improve the level of agricultural production and promote economic development, we should pay more for education, breeding of improved varieties and agricultural technology promotion At the same time, the proposal of GVP pointed out that China's rural labor resources are rich, labor costs are low, and it has advantages in international competition; the diversification of natural conditions also provides favorable conditions for the development of characteristic agriculture Therefore, labor-intensive industries and characteristic agriculture are our strengths In order to make it stronger, we should try our best to grasp the following points: GVP 1 Adjust the structure of agricultural industry and vigorously develop labor-intensive industries On the one hand, we should actively explore the service areas before and after the agricultural production, and appropriately divert the excessive labor input in the production process; on the other hand, we should vigorously develop labor-intensive industries such as vegetables, fruits, flowers, aquaculture, animal husbandry, etc., which are mainly based on fine operation The price of products in these fields is about 40% - 50% lower than that in the international market on average The development of these industries can not only absorb more labor, but also help to realize the increase of farmers' income GVP 2 Make full use of the advantages of diversified natural conditions to vigorously develop characteristic agriculture The climate, soil, rainfall, sunshine, altitude and other conditions vary greatly in China, and the resources of agricultural and livestock products are very rich The obvious regional distribution of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture and the fine tradition of intensive cultivation lay a good foundation for the development of characteristic agriculture At present, more than 2000 counties (cities) in China have been awarded the title of "hometown of Chinese special products" We should seize the opportunity of China's accession to the WTO, so that the highly competitive characteristic agriculture can achieve greater development GVP 3 Vigorously develop agricultural products processing industry China is rich in varieties of agricultural products, but the processing industry is seriously lagging behind, which restricts the full play of its advantages The State shall formulate development strategies and plans for processing industries of agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and other products, and take active policies and measures to support and guide them, so as to make them become new economic growth points and gradually form an important industry This can not only improve the added value of agricultural products, but also create a large number of non-agricultural jobs GVP