The United States lists trade barriers, including China and the European Union

Introduction: China is listed in the list of trade barriers of the United States China is listed in the list of trade barriers of the United States The trade strategy of "export orientation and import substitution" implemented in reality needs to be adjusted accordingly AJT on April 2, the U.S trade representative office listed 51 countries and three trade groups as entities that imposed various barriers on U.S exports in its 2003 report on trade barriers among countries Japan, China and the European Union are among the top of the list The United States also said it would bring the matter to WTO for arbitration AJT pointed out that according to the current international situation, China's current trade strategy of "export orientation and import substitution" may need to be adjusted accordingly AJT the dilemma of the United States AJT in this report, the United States listed a number of trade partners to make unfair trade barriers to U.S exports, the most serious of which is the EU 15 ban on gene food Since the EU imposed the ban in 1998, U.S corn exports to the EU have fallen by 55%, the report said AJT also pointed out that the commitment of Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister of Japan, to implement a comprehensive deregulation will pave the way for more convenient access of American products to the Japanese market However, the report shows that the Bush administration is disappointed by the slow progress of these reforms in Japan The AJT Report points out that China, which has the largest trade surplus with the United States in the past three years, also needs to make further efforts to implement the market opening measures it promised when it did not join the World Trade Organization in 2001 According to the report, China has imposed unfair trade restrictions on the import of US wheat, corn, rice, cotton, barley, oil extractable fruits and vegetable oil, in violation of China's WTO commitments Ma Yu, a researcher at AJT foreign economic and Trade Research Institute, pointed out that the United States Trade Representative Office would evaluate the trade barriers of other countries and make corresponding reports every year Its legal basis is the comprehensive trade and competition act of 1998 of the United States Although the US trade deficit problem has a long history, the US trade deficit soared to 47.3 billion US dollars in 2002, a record high In addition, after the "9.11" incident, after the United States lost the title of investment safe harbor, the trade deficit could not be solved by capital inflow Therefore, Ma Yu believes that it is reasonable for the Bush administration to strengthen the control of import and export trade AJT has different views on trade means AJT has different opinions on the accusation that China's measures in some trade areas violate China's WTO commitments, and some of them are trade barriers Ma Yu believes that even the United States acknowledges that China has made appropriate achievements in fulfilling its WTO commitments, although there are still some deficiencies in some aspects, which are also flawed As for whether AJT is a trade barrier, Ma Yu thinks it is a matter of different opinions In international trade, every country wants to protect its own industry, and China is no exception AJT before China's accession to the WTO, China's protection of its own enterprises mainly depends on the restrictions of tariffs and quotas After China's accession to the WTO, according to the WTO commitments, China will gradually eliminate the quota restrictions and gradually reduce tariffs Therefore, it is certain to use other means to protect China's vulnerable industries AJT in 2002, China's export of agricultural products increased significantly, and jumped from a net importer to a net exporter What does this leap prove? Does China's agriculture already have considerable competitiveness, or does China really have trade barriers? AJT China's policies, such as the import quarantine system of genetically modified food, do affect the export of American soybeans to China, but this technical trade barrier is also allowed by WTO rules AJT