The Synthetic Routes of PYRAZINE-2,3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOAMIDE

Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid amide, is a compound that has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other industries.
It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and drugs.
Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide can be synthesized via both natural and synthetic routes.
In this article, we will discuss the synthetic routes of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide, which include several methods that are commonly used in the chemical industry.

1. The Orbital-Selective Cannunga-Koopman Reaction
   One of the most popular methods for synthesizing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide is the Orbital-Selective Cannunga-Koopman Reaction.
   This reaction is based on the electrocyclization of an olefin to form a γ-lactone, which is then converted into the desired amide.
   This method offers a number of advantages, including high yield, high selectivity, and ease of operation.
   
2. The Ullmann Condensation
   The Ullmann Condensation is another widely used method for synthesizing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide.
   This method involves the condensation of an amine and an carboxylic acid in the presence of a solvent and a base.
   The resulting product is then converted into the desired amide using hydrolysis or another suitable method.
   
3. The Hydrolysis of N-Cbz-Amino Acids
   N-Cbz-Amino acids are another source of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide.
   These compounds are widely used in peptide synthesis and can be hydrolyzed to form the desired amide.
   This method is simple, efficient, and economical, and requires only a small amount of reagents.
   
4. The Reductive Amination of Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid
   Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid can be converted into pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide using a reductive amination reaction.
   This method involves the reduction of the carboxylic acid to form an amine, which is then converted into the desired amide using a suitable reagent.
   
5. The Baylis-Hillman Reaction
   The Baylis-Hillman Reaction is a widely used method for synthesizing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide.
   This method involves the reaction of a primary or secondary amine with a carbonyl compound in the presence of a base.
   The resulting product is then converted into the desired amide using hydrolysis or another suitable method.
   

In conclusion, the synthetic routes of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid amide are diverse and offer several methods for its synthesis.
The Orbital-Selective Cannunga-Koopman Reaction, Ullmann Condensation, hydrolysis of N-Cbz-Amino Acids, reductive amination of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, and Baylis-Hillman Reaction are some of the commonly used methods for synthesizing this compound.
These methods offer several advantages, including high yield, high selectivity, and ease of operation, making them popular choices in the chemical industry.