The Synthetic Routes of 5-Nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid

5-Nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid is a valuable intermediate in the production of several important chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
The synthesis of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid has been studied extensively in the chemical literature, and several synthetic routes have been developed.
In this article, we will discuss some of the most commonly used synthetic routes for the preparation of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.

1. The Classic Route:
   The classic route for the synthesis of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid involves the reaction of chloramine-T with acetylene in the presence of a solvent such as acetonitrile or DMF.
   The reaction results in the formation of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid in good yield.
   

Optical rotation [α ]° (c = 0.
5 in H2O)

2. The Hydrolysis Route:
   Another synthetic route for the preparation of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid involves the hydrolysis of 2-nitro-5-chloropyrimidine in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
   The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent such as water or acetonitrile, and the product can be purified by precipitation with a base such as sodium hydroxide.
   

   
   

3. The Nitration Route:
   5-Nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid can also be synthesized by nitration of 2-aminopyrimidine with nitric acid in the presence of a solvent such as acetonitrile or DMF.
   The reaction is usually carried out at room temperature, and the product can be isolated by precipitation with a base such as sodium hydroxide.
   

   
   

4. The Reduction Route:
   5-Nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid can be synthesized by reduction of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in the presence of a solvent such as ether or THF.
   The reaction is usually carried out at low temperature, and the product can be isolated by filtration and washing with water.
   

   
   

5. The Direct Nitration Route:
   Another synthetic route for the preparation of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid involves the direct nitration of 2-aminopyrimidine with nitric acid in the presence of a solvent such as acetonitrile or DMF.
   The reaction is usually carried out at room temperature, and the product can be isolated by precipitation with a base such as sodium hydroxide.
   

   
   

6. The Direct Reduction Route:
   5-Nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid can be synthesized by direct reduction of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in the presence of a solvent such as ether or THF.
   The reaction is usually carried out at low temperature, and the product can be isolated by filtration and washing with water.
   

   
   

7. The Reverse Nitration Route:
   Another synthetic route for the preparation of 5-nitro-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid involves the reverse nitration of 2-aminopyrimidine with nitric acid in the presence of a solvent such as acetonitrile or DMF.
   The reaction is usually carried out at room temperature, and the product can be isolated by precipitation with a base such as