The Synthetic Routes of 5-Amino-6-chloro-2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile

5-Amino-6-chloro-2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile, also known as APDC, is a commonly used intermediate in the production of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.
It can be synthesized through a number of different methods, including synthetic routes that utilize both natural and synthetic starting materials.

One synthetic route to APDC involves the reaction of 2-chloro-5-nitroanisole with sodium cyanide in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
This reaction results in the formation of APDC, which can then be isolated and purified by recrystallization or chromatography.

Another synthetic route to APDC involves the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-5-nitroaniline with sodium cyanide in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
This reaction is similar to the first route, and results in the formation of APDC, which can be isolated and purified in the same way.

Yet another synthetic route to APDC involves the reaction of 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylic acid with chloramine T in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
This reaction results in the formation of APDC, which can then be isolated and purified by recrystallization or chromatography.

Synthetic routes to APDC can also be found in literature using different starting materials, such as using 2,3-dichloro-5-nitroaniline instead of 2-chloro-5-nitroanisole.
The choice of starting material and the reaction conditions will depend on the specific goals and constraints of the synthesis, as well as the availability and cost of the Starting material.

It is important to note that the synthetic routes of APDC may vary depending on the specific reaction conditions and the starting materials used.
Additionally, the purification process of the synthesized compound will also be important to obtain a pure sample of APDC.

In conclusion, synthetic routes of APDC are widely found in literature and include reactions such as the reaction of 2-chloro-5-nitroanisole with sodium cyanide, the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-5-nitroaniline with sodium cyanide, and the reaction of 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylic acid with chloramine T.
The choice of starting material and reaction conditions will depend on the specific goals and constraints of the synthesis, as well as the availability and cost of the starting materials.
It is important to consider the reactivity of the starting materials and the reaction conditions to obtain a desired product in high yield and purity.