The Synthetic Routes of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI)

The 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) is a versatile and crucial intermediate in the chemical industry.
It is used in the production of several important chemicals, drugs, and agrochemicals.
There are various synthetic routes available for the synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI), and several methods have been developed in the last few decades.

One of the most common methods for the synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) is the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid with 5- hydroxypyridine in the presence of a base.
This reaction is highly exothermic, and the reaction mixture should be cooled to maintain the reaction temperature.
The product can be further purified by recrystallization or by chromatography.

Another synthetic route for 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) involves the reduction of 3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in the presence of a solvent such as ether or THF.
The reaction mixture is then treated with 5-hydroxypyridine, and the product is isolated by filtration and washing with a solvent such as water.

A third synthetic route involves the condensation of 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid with 5-hydroxypyridine in the presence of a condensing agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) in a solvent such as DMF or DMSO.
The product can be further purified by recrystallization or by chromatography.

In addition to the above-mentioned synthetic routes, there are other methods for the synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) that have been developed in recent years.
These include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, and other novel reaction conditions that have been found to accelerate the reaction rate and improve the yield of the product.

The selection of the synthetic route for the synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) depends on several factors, including the availability of starting materials, the cost of the reaction, and the desired yield of the product.
In addition, the selection of the synthetic route must also take into account the environmental impact of the reaction and the potential hazards associated with the use of reagents.

In conclusion, the synthesis of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide,5-hydroxy-(9CI) is an important step in the chemical industry, and several methods have been developed for its synthesis.
The selection of the synthetic route depends on various factors, and the chemical industry continues to explore new methods to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the synthesis of this important intermediate.