The Synthetic Routes of 3,5-bis-benzyloxy-pyridine-2-carbonitrile

The synthesis of 3,5-bis-benzyloxy-pyridine-2-carbonitrile, also known as BBOC, is an important process in the chemical industry, as this compound is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
There are several synthetic routes to BBOC, which can be broadly classified into two categories: organic and inorganic.

Organic Synthetic Routes to BBOC:

The most commonly used method for the synthesis of BBOC is through a sequence of condensation, substitution, and reduction reactions.
The first step in this process is the condensation of benzaldehyde and malononitrile in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, to form N-benzylmalonamide.
This intermediate is then treated with sodium hydroxide to generate the sodium salt of N-benzylmalonamide, which is then reacted with dimedone in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid, to form N-benzyl-N-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one.
This intermediate is then treated with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form the nitrosonium salt of N-benzyl-N-methyl-oxazolidin-2-one, which is then reduced to form N-benzylmethylnitroso-oxazolidin-2-one.
This intermediate is finally treated with a strong reducing agent, such as hydrazine, to reduce the nitro group and form 3,5-bis-benzyloxy-pyridine-2-carbonitrile.

Inorganic Synthetic Routes to BBOC:

An alternative method for the synthesis of BBOC is through a sequence of nitration, sulfonation, and reduction reactions.
The first step in this process is the nitration of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde with nitric acid to form 3,5-bis-nitroxy-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde.
This intermediate is then treated with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, to convert the nitro group to a sulfonate group, forming 3,5-bis-sulfonoxy-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde.
This intermediate is then reduced to form 3,5-bis-benzyloxy-pyridine-2-carbonitrile through a reduction reaction using a reducing agent such as hydrazine.

One advantage of the inorganic synthetic route is that it avoids the use of potentially hazardous reagents such as dimedone and sodium nitrite, which are used in the organic route.
However, the inorganic route requires the use of more expensive and specialized reagents, such as nitric acid and sodium hydroxide, which can increase the overall cost of the synthesis.

Purification and Characterization of BBOC:

Once the desired yield of BBOC has been obtained through either the organic or inorganic route, the product must be purified to remove any impurities that may have been introduced during the synthesis.
This can be achieved through a variety of methods, such as crystallization, chromatography, or recrystallization.

The purified BBOC can then be characterized using a variety of techniques, such as spectroscopy (IR, NMR, or MS), X-ray crystallography, or elemental analysis.
These techniques can provide information on the chemical structure, purity, and identity of the synthesized compound.

Applications of BBOC:

BBOC is an important intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, including fungicides, herbicides, and anti-inflam