The Synthetic Routes of 2,2'-DIBROMO-9,9'-SPIROBIFLUORENE

The Synthetic Routes of 2,2'-Dibromo-9,9'-Spirobifluorene in the Chemical Industry: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract:

2,2'-Dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene is a high-value intermediate in the production of fluorinated polymers and other materials.
This review summarizes the current synthetic routes for 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene, including the traditional method and the new emerging methods.
The challenges and limitations of these methods are discussed, as well as their potential applications in the chemical industry.

Keywords: 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene; synthesis; fluorinated polymers; chemical industry.

2,2'-Dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene, also known as 2,2'-dibromobiphenyl-9,9'-fluorene, is a high-value intermediate in the production of fluorinated polymers and other materials.
Its unique properties, such as high thermal stability and chemical resistance, have led to its widespread use in various applications, including in the production of fluorinated polymers and other materials.

Traditionally, 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene has been synthesized using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, which involves the coupling of 2-bromobiphenyl with 9-fluorenone in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
This method has been widely used due to its high yield and selectivity.
However, this method also has some challenges and limitations, such as the requirement for a palladium catalyst, which can be expensive and difficult to handle, and the generation of waste products.

Recently, new emerging methods for the synthesis of 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene have been developed, which aim to overcome these challenges and limitations.
These methods include microwave-assisted synthesis, stoichiometric reactions, and catalyst-free methods.

Microwave-assisted synthesis has been shown to be a highly efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene.
This method uses microwave irradiation to accelerate the reaction, which reduces the reaction time and the amount of solvent used, leading to a more efficient and sustainable process.

Stoichiometric reaction methods, such as the Ullmann condensation reaction, have also been used to synthesize 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene.
This method involves the reaction of 2-bromobiphenyl and 9-fluorenone in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride, to form the desired intermediate.
This method is simple and cost-effective, but it also requires the use of a Lewis acid catalyst, which can be corrosive and difficult to handle.

Catalyst-free methods, such as the condensation reaction with pyridine and sodium hydroxide, have also been developed for the synthesis of 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene.
This method involves the reaction of 2-bromobiphenyl with 9-fluorenone in the presence of pyridine and sodium hydroxide, without the use of a metal catalyst.
This method is sustainable, as it does not generate waste products, but it requires high temperatures and long reaction times.

In conclusion, the synthetic routes for 2,2'-dibromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene have evolved over time and new emerging methods have been developed to overcome the challenges and limitations of the