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Editor’s note iNature is China’s largest academic official account.
It is jointly created by the doctoral team of Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature Talent Official Account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
The iNature primary immune response is initiated in the secondary lymphoid organs
.
Virtual memory CD8+ T (TVM) cells are central memory phenotypic T cells without antigen experience, which are obtained by self-antigen-driven steady-state proliferation
.
However, it is not clear whether TVM cells are a homogeneous cell population with the same functional potential
.
As a polyclonal population containing multiple antigen receptor libraries, it is not clear how TVM cells contribute to the antigen-specific protective response against infection
.
On August 6, 2021, the Qi Hai team of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Virtual memory T cells orchestrate extralymphoid responses conducive to resident memory" in Science Immunology.
The study found that TVM cells are composed of CCR2+ and CCR2- subsets.
They elaborate a series of effects and memory functions directly in the organization in different ways
.
During primary influenza infection, TVM cells rapidly infiltrate the lungs on the first day after infection and promote early virus control
.
TVM cells that recognize viral antigens remain in the tissue, perform clonal expansion independently of secondary lymphoid organs, and generate tissue-resident memory cells
.
By coordinating the primary extralymphatic response, heterogeneous TVM cells directly bridge the innate response and adaptive memory in the infected tissue
.
The memory T cell compartment formed after the initial infection is heterogeneous, consisting of cells that reside in the original pathogen entering the tissue or tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, as well as those that circulate in the blood and secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) Cell or central memory T (TCM) cell composition
.
More and more evidence supports the key role of TRM cells in coordinating and effectively defending against re-infection in the local tissues in which they are located, although the exact path by which TRM cells develop in the initial infection is still unclear
.
In addition to the classic memory T cells with antigen experience, some CD8+ T cells may exhibit a memory phenotype without obvious immunity or infection
.
For example, when the Tec kinase-dependent pathway is impaired, cells with a memory phenotype can appear in the thymus as "innate CD8+ T cells
.
"
Cells with memory phenotypes also develop from peripheral naive T (TN) cells in the steady-state proliferation of physiological lymphopenia
.
Unlike true memory T cells that develop in response to foreign antigens, these cells only express low levels of CD49d and are called virtual memory T (TVM) cells
.
Consistent with the dependence on self-antigen exposure, TVM cells tend to develop from TN cells that express higher levels of CD5
.
The transcription factor eomesodermin and the steady-state cytokine interleukin 15 (IL-15) are important internal and external factors for the development of TVM, respectively
.
When attacked by an antigen, TVM cells show different characteristics from their original or true memory counterparts in terms of proliferation ability and differentiation into short-lived effector cells (SLEC) and long-lived memory
.
However, it is not clear whether TVM cells are a homogeneous cell population with the same functional potential
.
As a polyclonal population containing multiple antigen receptor libraries, it is not clear how TVM cells contribute to the antigen-specific protective response against infection
.
In this study, it was found that TVM cells are heterogeneous in terms of effect and memory potential, and these cells can quickly infiltrate the site of infection, directly coordinating the primary response of TRM cells in the tissue
.
Reference message: https://immunology.
sciencemag.
org/content/6/62/eabg9433
It is jointly created by the doctoral team of Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature Talent Official Account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
The iNature primary immune response is initiated in the secondary lymphoid organs
.
Virtual memory CD8+ T (TVM) cells are central memory phenotypic T cells without antigen experience, which are obtained by self-antigen-driven steady-state proliferation
.
However, it is not clear whether TVM cells are a homogeneous cell population with the same functional potential
.
As a polyclonal population containing multiple antigen receptor libraries, it is not clear how TVM cells contribute to the antigen-specific protective response against infection
.
On August 6, 2021, the Qi Hai team of Tsinghua University published a research paper entitled "Virtual memory T cells orchestrate extralymphoid responses conducive to resident memory" in Science Immunology.
The study found that TVM cells are composed of CCR2+ and CCR2- subsets.
They elaborate a series of effects and memory functions directly in the organization in different ways
.
During primary influenza infection, TVM cells rapidly infiltrate the lungs on the first day after infection and promote early virus control
.
TVM cells that recognize viral antigens remain in the tissue, perform clonal expansion independently of secondary lymphoid organs, and generate tissue-resident memory cells
.
By coordinating the primary extralymphatic response, heterogeneous TVM cells directly bridge the innate response and adaptive memory in the infected tissue
.
The memory T cell compartment formed after the initial infection is heterogeneous, consisting of cells that reside in the original pathogen entering the tissue or tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, as well as those that circulate in the blood and secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) Cell or central memory T (TCM) cell composition
.
More and more evidence supports the key role of TRM cells in coordinating and effectively defending against re-infection in the local tissues in which they are located, although the exact path by which TRM cells develop in the initial infection is still unclear
.
In addition to the classic memory T cells with antigen experience, some CD8+ T cells may exhibit a memory phenotype without obvious immunity or infection
.
For example, when the Tec kinase-dependent pathway is impaired, cells with a memory phenotype can appear in the thymus as "innate CD8+ T cells
.
"
Cells with memory phenotypes also develop from peripheral naive T (TN) cells in the steady-state proliferation of physiological lymphopenia
.
Unlike true memory T cells that develop in response to foreign antigens, these cells only express low levels of CD49d and are called virtual memory T (TVM) cells
.
Consistent with the dependence on self-antigen exposure, TVM cells tend to develop from TN cells that express higher levels of CD5
.
The transcription factor eomesodermin and the steady-state cytokine interleukin 15 (IL-15) are important internal and external factors for the development of TVM, respectively
.
When attacked by an antigen, TVM cells show different characteristics from their original or true memory counterparts in terms of proliferation ability and differentiation into short-lived effector cells (SLEC) and long-lived memory
.
However, it is not clear whether TVM cells are a homogeneous cell population with the same functional potential
.
As a polyclonal population containing multiple antigen receptor libraries, it is not clear how TVM cells contribute to the antigen-specific protective response against infection
.
In this study, it was found that TVM cells are heterogeneous in terms of effect and memory potential, and these cells can quickly infiltrate the site of infection, directly coordinating the primary response of TRM cells in the tissue
.
Reference message: https://immunology.
sciencemag.
org/content/6/62/eabg9433
