The Production Process of rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethylpiperazine

The production process of rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine, also known as carmirolimab, involves several steps that require careful attention to detail and the use of specialized equipment.
The following is a description of the production process for rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine.

1. Preparation of starting materials
   The production of rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine begins with the preparation of starting materials.
   This involves the synthesis of two different compounds - (2S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium chloride and (1R)-1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepin-9-yl]aminoimidazole.
   These compounds are then combined in a multi-step process to produce the final product.
   
2. Synthesis of (2S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium chloride
   The synthesis of (2S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium chloride involves the reaction of (2R)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride.
   The reaction occurs in the presence of a solvent such as dichloromethane and a catalyst such as pyridine.
   The product is then purified by chromatography to remove any impurities.
   
3. Synthesis of (1R)-1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepin-9-yl]aminoimidazole
   The synthesis of (1R)-1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepin-9-yl]aminoimidazole involves the reaction of several different starting materials.
   The reaction occurs in several steps using a variety of reagents and solvents.
   The final product is then purified by chromatography to remove any impurities.
   
4. Combination of the starting materials
   The final step in the production of rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine involves the combination of (2S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium chloride and (1R)-1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepin-9-yl]aminoimidazole in the presence of a solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide.
   The reaction occurs at an elevated temperature and is catalyzed by a metal catalyst such as zinc chloride.
   
5. Purification and isolation of the product
   After the reaction is complete, the product is purified by chromatography using a solvent such as ethyl acetate.
   The resulting product is then isolated by collecting the appropriate fractions and drying the solvent.
   
6. Characterization of the product
   The final step in the production process involves the characterization of the product.
   This involves the determination of the physical and chemical properties of the product, such as its molecular weight, structure, and purity.
   This is typically done using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry.
   

In conclusion, the production process of rel-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine is a multi-step process that requires careful attention to detail and the use of specialized equipment.
The process involves the