The organization and cultivation of orchids

frenchman, .M. Morel) first applied
tissue
culture
techniques to orchids, cultured with stem top tissue, and obtained plants through primary spheres.
the use of tissue culture for germ proliferation is another method of acquiring seedlings, for example, butterfly orchids are bred using flower stalk buds, which has the disadvantage that reproduction is inefficient and costly. Since buds are developed through multiple cells, they are not suitable as
for
of the gene. Using single cells as the starting point for gene transfer is the best way to avoid inlays. However, at present, cells to replicate orchids are limited to a few species, such as wensin orchids, vegetarian orchids and butterfly orchids, can not be widely used.
to replicate orchids withTaking cell replication as an example, we can take flower stalks, roots, stems and leaves as implants, place these implants in suitable artificial
fleat
, and after one to two months, the wound tissue grows from the inlet part of the root tip, stem and leaf culture. These induced healing tissues can be continuously cultured on the same culture, forming more healing tissues, and still have the ability to regenerate plants for several years. In this way, we can maintain a system for copying the astrindon, without having to induce new healing tissue from the implant every time.
a large amount of healing tissue, the body embryo induction work should be carried out. In general, the media formulation required for induced embryos will be different from that used in step-by-generation culture. Transfer the healing tissue to the media of the induced embryo, and after about a month, the formation of the body embryo can be observed. In theory, each cell can produce a human embryo, so a small piece of healing tissue can induce dozens or even hundreds of individual embryos.
the next step is to grow these embryos into complete small plants, often transferring them to a different formulation of the media. The body embryo gradually develops to form the original sphere. There is no significant difference in morphology and developmental ability between these primary spheres and seed-developed primary spheres, both of which can develop into normal plants. The primary spheres formed by so many cells of the same source have the same genetic composition, while the primary spheres of the seed source have different genetic compositions. After a few months, the original sphere develops into a small plant with an underground and aboveground part, which can be domesticated after it has grown to a certain size. The survival rate of nearly 100 per cent can be obtained by removing small plants from bottles, planting them in cultivation containers and domesticated them in greenhouses with shade and spray facilities.
in addition to cell replication of wensinlan, sucin, butterfly orchids and slippers orchids can be induced through the healing tissue small plants, these small plants can also grow normally. The healing tissue of Su-Heartlan is induced from nutrient organs such as roots, and the healing tissue forms body embryos in the process of successors, which do not form the original sphere but develop into roots before forming small plants. Although butterfly orchids and slippers can both breed from injured tissue, further nutrient organs or tissues are needed to induce the injured tissue in the future in order to reproduce for specific good varieties.
leaf cell regeneration plantIn addition to regenerating small plants by inducing healing tissue, there is another way to induce the formation of a body embryo without the need for healing tissue, which in turn regenerates the plant, a process known as direct body embryo occurrence. The direct body embryo occurrence of the ventricle leaves is the only reported example of a orchid plant. The induction method is very simple, the leaves of Wensinlan cut down as a culture, cultured in general without plant growth regulators of the media, about a month later, the tip of the blade, the upper surface and indentation site can form a body embryo, will have a body The blades of the embryo are transferred to the same culture base, after a few weeks, the body embryo develops into a progenitor sphere, the original sphere gradually buds and grows, and finally forms a normal small plant, moved to the plastic basin for domestication, can obtain a high survival rate.
Scan electronic
microscope
to observe the shape of the body embryo, you can see a large number of body embryos from the leaf surface, these body embryos vary in size, display and asynchronous formation, the initial shape is a bit like Sagago. In addition to the leaf surface, the tip of the leaf is also an area where the body embryo is easily formed.
There are many advantages to the reproduction of Wensinlan by direct body embryo, first of all, the rate of reproduction of this method is relatively fast, from inducing the cultivation of the body embryo to small plants out of the bottle domestication, the fastest time only about five to six months. In addition, the mutation rate of small plants obtained through direct body embryo occurrence is lower, because the injured tissue after a long period of successor, in the growth regulator or high salt and other conditions, easy to lead to somatic cell mutation, genetic material to produce changes in somatic cells will regenerate the variation of small plants, and leaf cells directly form body embryo is more stable.
Under the right conditions, each leaf cell theoretically forms a human embryo, and a leaf can replicate thousands of small plants with the same character and genetic material, and the leaves of those small plants can also be used to induce the embryo to occur. If the site and manpower conditions can be matched, the reproduction rate can be equal to the increase in the number of grades, want how many seedlings are not a problem. If this breeding method can be applied to other orchids, one day when we see a very beautiful orchid, just find a way to get a small leaf of it, you can quickly reproduce many identical orchids.
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