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Common respiratory viruses can be enriched in the eye to induce ophthalmic disease.
A cross-sectional study from Italy found that mRNA from the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) was detected in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and that the more severe the symptoms of COVID-19, the higher
the detection rate of SARS-CoV2.
The most common ocular symptoms caused by SARS-CoV2 infection are red eye, conjunctivitis, itchy eyes, and photophobia
.
Studies have identified eye infections as a potential route of transmission of SARS-CoV2 because of the presence of receptors for the new coronavirus (ACE2 receptors)
on the surface of the human eye.
Inoculation of SARS-CoV2 on the conjunctiva of rhesus monkeys found that SARS-CoV2 could invade the host through the conjunctiva of the
eye.
Therefore, clarifying whether the eye can be used as the site of SARS-CoV2 infection has important clinical significance
for the prevention and treatment of new coronary pneumonia.
On December 12, 2022, Young-Chan Kwon's team from the Korea Institute of Chemical Technology published a report titled "Ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in animal models with retinal inflammation via neuronal invasion" in Nature Communications Following intranasal inoculation", it was found that the respiratory infection SARS-CoV2 has ocular tropism, infecting the retina through the trigeminal nerve and optic nerve, causing retinal inflammation
.
Eye infections do not cause retinal inflammation
.
1
SARS-CoV2 ocular chemotaxis infects retinal ganglion cells
The researchers used K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and Syrian hamsters to assess the ocular tropism of SARS-CoV2 and whether SARS-CoV2 could be transmittedthrough the eye.
After nasal inoculation with SARS-CoV2, mice significantly lost body weight
.
On day 6 of infection, mice experienced lacrimation and increased ocular discharge, and it was found that the titers of ocular virus in mice were as high as those of lung virus, and SARS-CoV2 was found to mainly infect retinal ganglion cells
.
Figure 1: SARS-CoV2 has ocular tropism and infects retinal ganglion cells
2
SARS-CoV2 causes an increase in the level of retinal inflammation
The ocular changes of mice infected with SARS-CoV2 in the nasal cavity were detected and the retinal thickness of the mice was significantly increased and obvious retinal inflammationappeared.
SARS-CoV2-induced infiltrating immune cells accumulate
in large quantities in the optic ganglia, inner layer, and outer nuclear layer of the retina.
Tests of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines showed significant increases in ocular G-CSF, IP-10, MKC, MCP-1, MIP-2, IL-12, and TNF-α on the sixth day of SARS-CoV2 infection
.
The effect of retinal inflammation on visual function was studied by visual cliff test, and it was found that normal mice could pass the test platform relatively quickly, while the incubation period of SARS-CoV2-infected mice through the platform was greatly extended, indicating that the spatial vision of mice was affected
.
Figure 2: SARS-CoV2 causes an increase in retinal inflammation
3
SARS-CoV2 infects the eye through the trigeminal and optic nerves
To study the route of SARS-CoV2 infection in the central eye, the researchers infected mice with nasal infection (IN), bronchial infection (IT), ventricular infection (IC), eye infection (ED), and tail vein injection (IV), and found that all other ways can infect the brainexcept eye infection.
All infection methods can detect the expression of the virus in the eye, but the virus load gradually decreases
with the extension of eye infection.
Subsequent studies found that SARS-CoV2 infects the eye and brain
through the trigeminal ganglia and optic ganglia.
Finally, the researchers analyzed nasal infection and eye infection, and found that nasal infection SARS-CoV2 significantly reduced the body weight of mice, increased the expression of ocular virus, and induced thickening of alveolar septum and lung inflammation
.
None of the above symptoms
occurred in eye infection with SARS-CoV2.
Figure 3: The intestinal metabolite FAA promotes exercise capacity in mice
summary
In this paper, SARS-CoV2 with respiratory tract infection has a strong ocular tropism, causing retinal inflammation
by infecting retinal ganglion cells.
Eye infections do not cause central infections and lung infections, and SARS-CoV2 in the eyes gradually decreases
over time.
【References】
1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-022-35225-1
The images in the article are from references
