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Diseases have caused huge economic losses
to agricultural production.
In order to treat bacterial diseases, antibiotics are often used in agricultural production, especially aquaculture, but the use of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, posing a potential threat
to ecological safety and even human health.
As an emerging environmental pollutant, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have attracted widespread attention
as the genetic basis of bacterial resistance, which can lead to drug resistance in conditioned pathogenic bacteria.
The aquaculture environment is complex, and cropping, animal husbandry, human medical activities, and the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture may affect antibiotic resistance genes
in aquaculture.
However, at present, the distribution of intestinal microorganisms, ARGs, especially high-risk ARGs, and their influencing factors of cultured animals in major aquaculture areas in China are still lacking
.
Procambarus clarkii is an important aquaculture species
.
In 2020, the total area of crayfish culture in China will reach 21.
84 million mu, and the total aquaculture output will reach 2.
39 million tons
.
Dr.
Wu Shangong of the Department of Parasitology and Co-evolution of the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Wu Chenxi, a researcher from the Chemical Ecology Group and a team of Li Huan from Lanzhou University, carried out systematic research on related problems with Protocrayfish cruzi as the research
object.
Fig.
1 Intestinal microbial composition a and phylum level of Protocrayus cruzi; b, genus horizontal
The study found that at the phylum level, the intestinal microorganisms of Proteobacteria were dominant in the phylum Proteobacteria (Figure 1a); At the genus level, Mollicutes (UG) is the predominance (Figure 1b).
Further analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community structure of Protocrayus cruzi in Jiangsu Province and other provinces was significantly
different.
There are abundant antibiotic resistance genes in the intestines of Protocrayfish, among which the β-lactam resistance gene is the most abundant, followed by the tetracycline resistance gene
.
Habitat, environmental factors (NO3-N, pH and water temperature) and microbial α diversity all have significant influences
on ARGs.
The conditioned pathogens Streptococcus, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter There is a significant positive correlation with high-risk ARGs, indicating that these conditional pathogens may be potential hosts of high-risk ARGs, which may lead to ineffective antibiotic treatment in aquaculture, so susceptibility tests on pathogenic microorganisms are required to guide rational drug use
.
Fig.
2 Co-occurrence networks of environmental factors, microorganisms, MGEs and ARGs (a, absolute abundance; b, relative abundance)
Co-occurrence patterns between environmental factors, dominant gut bacteria, MGEs, and high-abundance ARGs found that most ARGs showed significant positive correlations with environmental factors, MGEs, and microorganisms (Figures 2a and 2b).
In addition, the study also found that some resistance genes are highly clinically relevant genes, suggesting that the intestinal antibiotic resistance genes of Crayfish cruzi may not be caused entirely by
aquaculture drugs.
The results provide a certain basis
for the use of bacterial diseases in aquaculture, the risk management and assessment of ARGs, and the formulation of related measures.
The work is titled "Distribution and influencing factors of antibiotic resistance genes of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Intestine in main crayfish breeding provinces in China" was published online in Science of The Total Environment
.
Wu Shangong, associate researcher of the Institute of Aquatic Sciences, is the corresponding author of the paper, and Yan Ruijun, a master student of Lanzhou University, and Pan Meijing, a master student jointly trained by the Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Dalian Ocean University, are the co-first authors
of the paper.
The research was supported
by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFD0900303) and other projects.
Links to the essay:
