The influence of China's dairy industry after entering WTO and the Countermeasures

Introduction: first, the impact of WTO on the world dairy trade; the current WTO dairy agreement has a significant impact on the dairy policies of various countries and regions, but the impact on different regions is not the same In the process of relaxing trade restrictions, EU countries and North American countries have to reduce their export subsidies for dairy products For example, the export subsidies of EU countries in 1999 were 940 USD / T for skimmed milk powder and 1240 USD / T for whole milk powder The current WTO dairy agreement of ZNC is: ZNC market is in progress: border protection measures must be changed into tariffs, and according to the difference between the internal average price and the world market price in 1986-1998, the tariffs are reduced by 36% on average These declines must be achieved by July 2001 The minimum market access was 3 per cent of consumption in 1986-1988, rising to 5 per cent by July 2001 ZNC export subsidies: 36% reduction in export subsidies, 21% reduction in subsidies for each product or group of products, with a reference period of 1988-1990 This reduction must be achieved in July 2001 Compared with the average level of 1986-1988, the domestic support level of ZNC decreased by 20% This reduction must be achieved in July 2001 ZNC health and health restrictions require scientific standards For all milk producing regions in the world, the impact of relaxing restrictions on dairy trade will not only depend on the contents of future WTO agreements, but also on the speed of implementing the restrictions In addition, there will be some changes in the variety of dairy products trade The countries that dominate the market of bulk milk products (skimmed milk powder, whole milk powder and cream) are New Zealand and Australia with low milk cost, while the countries that originally had export subsidies for cream and skimmed milk powder will turn into high value-added products (cheese, special milk powder), such products trade without subsidies The gradual cancellation of the export subsidy of agricultural products by the WTO will make the price of dairy products in the international market more reasonable Dairy prices are expected to be an upward trend in the future ZNC II The impact of China's accession to WTO on China's dairy industry ZNC is a naive industry, whose scale, technology and product quality are far behind those of developed countries After entering WTO, the first thing is to reduce the tariff At present, the import tariff of dairy products in China is 25% for liquid milk and milk powder, 6% for whey powder and 50% for cream and cheese According to the current negotiations with the United States and the European Union, it is possible to reduce to about 15% - 10% in 2004, which will have a certain impact on China's dairy industry ZNC 1 Milk powder will be the most severely impacted product In 1999, China imported 139800 tons of milk powder products, which is about 28% of the total output of milk powder in China At present, compared with imported milk powder, domestic milk powder still has a certain price advantage The price difference per ton of similar products is about 3000 yuan If the tariff is reduced from 25% to 10%, the price advantage will not exist ZNC 2, UHT fresh milk will also cause a certain impact In 1999, China imported 5683 tons of fresh milk with fat content of 1% - 6%, with an average unit price of 441 USD / ton For example, according to the current tariff, the domestic price is about 6000 yuan / ton (441 × 8.3 × 1.25 × 1.17 ≈ 5353 yuan), which is lower than the price of similar domestic products ZNC 3 Sterilized milk and yoghurt products with short shelf life will not be impacted At present, the domestic production of cheese and cream is very small In particular, there is only one professional cheese manufacturer in China, with an annual output of only a few hundred tons, and the habit of eating cheese and cream in China has not yet formed ZNC Although China's accession to the WTO has caused certain impact on China's dairy industry, it has its advantages: promoting the improvement of technology, equipment, quality and labor productivity of the dairy industry; accelerating the restructuring and transformation of the industry, promoting the formation of large enterprise groups and famous brands; reducing tariff, which can reduce smuggling and regulate the market of imported dairy products; China's dairy production government has no subsidies, as long as Working hard on product quality can create opportunities for export ZNC 3 Meet the WTO's Countermeasures ZNC 1 Improve product quality Pay attention to the construction of milk source base Vigorously promote "decentralized feeding, centralized milking", "centralized feeding, unified management" and other cow feeding modes We should resolutely and decisively eliminate the traditional milk source management mode of decentralized feeding, manual milking and milk station receiving Strive to achieve mechanical milking of 80% of milk sources within 5 years, and fundamentally improve the quality of milk sources Milk powder should be melted quickly to improve its washability ZNC 2 Reduce costs In order to reduce the raising cost and increase the per unit yield, the high milk price in some areas will be gradually reduced Dairy enterprises should gradually develop to a large scale, improve the level of automation and labor productivity, so as to reduce product costs ZNC 3 Adjust the structure Vigorously develop the production of liquid milk, especially the sterilized milk, yoghurt and other products characterized by freshness Milk powder should increase the production of whole milk powder, provide high-quality raw materials for the food industry, and increase the production of functional milk powder and formula milk powder ZNC 4 Accelerate the development of large enterprise groups At present, the domestic top ten dairy enterprises, dairy products have accounted for about 30% of the total output of the country ZNC 5 We should gradually change the pattern that dairy production depends entirely on the domestic market and actively strive for export China's accession to the WTO has created conditions for China's commodity exports We should actively explore and expand the international market, especially in the Middle East and Southeast Asia ZNC 6 It is suggested that the government increase the VAT deduction of dairy processing industry from 10% to 15% to support the development of dairy industry ZNC