The impact of implementing WTO commitments on China's agriculture (3)

Introduction: China's accession to the WTO has brought new development opportunities to China's agriculture, including a fair competitive environment, the promotion of opening-up, the use of comparative advantages for structural adjustment, and the maintenance of the global trade order The challenges are also severe, such as the large scale of opening up, the short transition period to adapt to opening up, the strict restriction of experienced import management measures in the past, and the limited space for domestic support The influence of China's accession to WTO on the main sensitive products Vegetable oil, corn and wheat were the most affected The impact on our competitive export products is: in terms of cost and price, China's meat products, horticultural products and processed food have comparative advantages in price competition of similar products in the world, and the whole competitiveness is good, but there are problems in health and quarantine China's export work in Shandong, Zhejiang and other provinces has been carried out earlier and accumulated some experience If we can open up the American market and meet the health and quarantine standards of the United States, we can take the initiative Now is how to establish our health and epidemic prevention and testing system so that domestic processing enterprises can meet the standards of Japan, the United States and the European Union The difficulty of this work is to break through the domestic administrative barriers After joining WTO, China is facing several strategic problems Food security: we don't agree that China's accession to the WTO makes food dangerous in quantity There are four reasons for this: first, there is a large amount of grain in China; second, there is a relatively sufficient supply of grain in the world; third, the structural adjustment in recent years has made some changes in China's grain output, but the production capacity can be guaranteed; fourth, China's foreign exchange reserves are relatively sufficient There is a large gap between the income of farmers in China, which is related to the region Due to the structural adjustment and the improvement of the export environment in the eastern region, the income of farmers will increase However, if the adjusted space in the eastern region is occupied by foreign countries, the negative impact on the income of farmers in the central and western regions is very large The challenge of China's accession to the WTO is mainly manifested in three aspects One is the government system China's management system, policies and regulations, and circulation system should meet the needs of the development of the new situation Second, who is the main body of agricultural competition? Who represents China to compete with foreign large companies, groups and industrial organizations Third, agricultural products These three aspects determine the direction of China's agricultural development The biggest challenge to us after entering WTO is the challenge of the government WTO is an international economic and trade organization that coordinates the government's actions Most of its rules and provisions are aimed at the government In the present situation of our country, the agricultural management system is the product of planned economy left over more than 20 years ago, which is characterized by the division of departments, leading to industry monopoly, and each department has its own industry interests In addition, it is necessary to form a one-stop agricultural management system combining domestic and foreign trade The huge pattern of interests dismembers the efficiency of agriculture and leads to the formation of "three rural" issues After China's accession to the WTO, in order to meet the challenges, it is necessary to strengthen the competition and improve the competitiveness, we must have system guarantee The decentralized, full of local protection and disjointed management system cannot compete with foreign countries, and we must form a new pattern of interests In terms of policies and regulations, we should focus on the safety of agricultural products and establish quality standards Now our enterprise's epidemic prevention work has made progress, but the social epidemic prevention work still stays in the era of the people's commune The lag of the social epidemic prevention work has seriously affected the export of agricultural products in China Comprehensive agricultural policies and regulations should focus on the safety, quality and market of agricultural products, instead of focusing on quantity and resources in the past The general judgment is that after entering WTO, we have entered a new competitive environment, and our policies and systems must work around WTO The third is the circulation system Now there are three problems, which increase the transaction cost The first is that the quality standard system has not been formed The second is the information system The information feedback work is very backward The third is that the market facilities are relatively backward and not in place Japan has market wholesale France and the United States complete it through futures and spot, reducing transaction costs When China's domestic market has become an international market, there is a problem of who will participate in the international competition of agricultural products Now China implements the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, which determines the decentralized management of agriculture in China Therefore, the main body of agricultural management in China is essentially farmers and some small agricultural related enterprises It is these small enterprises and scattered farmers who will participate in international competition next year So who are our competitors? On behalf of American wheat producers specializing in wheat sales, American wheat Association, American Jiaji company, the world's largest grain trader, ADM company, the largest agricultural and animal husbandry company in the United States, American Soybean Association, and Louis Dafeng company in France (the largest grain trader in Europe), etc Before the opening of China's agricultural products market, these companies and enterprises have entered the Chinese market, engaged in limited business activities, and entered by way of investment instead of trade After China's accession, these companies will expand their transnational operations in China Now they are most worried that they will adopt trade instead of investment, which will squeeze the current severe employment in China Now the question is, are these small farmers and small enterprises in China able to compete with these multinational companies? These need us to reform the system I don't think it's possible to win through competition with the current system Our competitors have no competitive ability We need to innovate the system and cultivate them My view has always been to develop leading enterprises, carry out industrialization, and hope to make a breakthrough in the system There are many problems in the current system After China's accession to the WTO, it is impossible for the government to dominate the market In the face of international competition in the market, there is an urgent need to cultivate leading enterprises to make them grow from small to large and from large to strong After China's accession to the WTO, China needs its own Jiaji company, with its own large grain merchants, poultry and meat merchants, fruit merchants and processors We have so many chickens and pigs, but we can't decide the price Instead, we have to follow the requirements of the United States and Europe The main body of agricultural competition is facing great challenges, which also determines that the domestic large grain merchants will emerge as the times require We should make use of the position of the main producer of agricultural products to control the world market In order to improve our competitiveness, we need to do two things, namely, to cultivate large enterprises and industrial associations Therefore, for the main body of competition, we should carry out the industrialized operation as soon as possible, organize the qualified departments and processing enterprises, and establish the industrial organization In general, China's agricultural products should compete in the way of market, rather than just meet the needs of food Competitive agricultural products should meet several requirements, the first is quality, the second is safety, and increase transparency, which is the main basis of competition Finally, we should balance the supply and try our best to solve the problem of mature market time of competitive agricultural products Now it seems that there are four problems in our agricultural products China's accession to the WTO has faced a severe challenge To meet this challenge, we need to improve our competitiveness so as to participate in international competition The most fundamental measures are to increase domestic support, comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of China's agriculture, speed up the establishment of agricultural industry security system, take measures to reduce the impact of market opening, and protect the interests of the central region At the same time, the import of agricultural products is realistic It is possible to import more than 10 million tons of grain next year How to minimize the risk of such import is the focus of our work I think we should control the import of summer oil and adjust the import of corn properly next year There are two strategic points We should continue to implement the strategy of investment instead of trade and exchange our market for foreign investment More worried about the problem of vegetable oil, American and German companies have a lot of production capacity in their own reserves, which will have a great impact on Chinese vegetable oil processing enterprises At the same time, we should strive to build China into the world's largest agricultural product processing center The second strategy is the global market strategy China must appear in the international market in the image of the world's largest agricultural product producer and food consumer, and control the price of the world's agricultural products Generally speaking, when we want to import, we should use means to reduce the price of similar products in the world There are five things that need to be done at present We should seize the opportunity of entering WTO, deepen the reform of rural economic system, especially the reform of our agricultural management system, and make it suitable for the new situation after entering WTO Second, in terms of agricultural policies, we should increase the total amount of agricultural investment, strengthen domestic agricultural support policies, improve competitiveness, adjust the structure of supplementary purchase, and make good use of prices The third is to use the WTO protection clauses to control the import of sensitive products to a minimum The fourth is to cultivate leading enterprises and competitive subjects Finally, support competitive and exportable products, such as financial support, tax refund, export credit, etc Generally speaking, China's accession to WTO has brought new situation to China's agriculture, on the one hand, it has further promoted our reform; on the other hand, it has further opened up our market, made the domestic competition more fierce, and also brought some uncertain factors and added some difficulties to solve the "three rural" problem in China We should be able to prevent and deal with these adverse factors.