Studies have shown that autoimmunity played a role in Parkinson's disease

new study, led by scientists at the La Hoya Institute of Immunology (LJI), adds to growing evidence that Parkinson's disease is partly an autoimmune disease. In fact, researchers report that people with Parkinson's disease may show signs of autoimmune disease before they are officially diagnosed.The study may make it possible to discover Parkinson's disease one day before symptoms of debilitating exercise appear, and it may be possible to slow the development of the disease through treatment.
The study, published April 20, 2020 in the journal Nature Communications, was co-led by LJI Professor Dr. Alessandro Setter and Professor David Sulzer of Columbia University Medical Center.scientists have long known that the brain cells that produce dopamine in people with Parkinson's disease are home to a damaged protein called α-synth nucleoprotein. These lumps eventually lead to cell death, leading to motor symptoms and cognitive decline. "Once these cells disappear, they disappear. So if you can diagnose the disease early, it could make a big difference," said Dr. Cecilia Lindstein Alleham, an assistant professor of research at LJI and the first author of the new study.
2017 study led by Syrset and Sulzer showed for the first time that α-synactal nucleoproteins can act as beacons for certain T-cells, causing them to mistakenly attack brain cells and potentially lead to the development of Parkinson's disease. This is the first direct evidence that autoimmune may play a role in Parkinson's disease.new findings shed light on the timeline of T-cell response and disease progress. The researchers looked at blood samples from a large group of Parkinson's patients and compared their T-cells to a healthy age-matching control group. They found that when patients were first diagnosed with the disease, they had the α T-cells that responded to the disease-synth nucleoproteins. As the disease progresses, these T-cells tend to disappear, and few patients still have T-cells ten years after diagnosis.
researchers also conducted an in-depth analysis of a Parkinson's patient who happened to have saved blood samples long before diagnosis. The case study showed that patients had a strong T-cell response to α-synth nucleoproteins ten years before they were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Similarly, these T-cells gradually disappear in the years following diagnosis.tells us that detecting T-cell reactions can help diagnose people at risk or early in the development of the disease, because many symptoms have not yet been detected," Hessett said. Importantly, we can imagine a scenario in which early interference with T-cell reactions can prevent disease from appearing or developing.
Sulzer added, "One of the most important findings is that the taste of T cells changes during the disease, starting with more aggressive cells and moving to less aggressive cells that may suppress the immune response, and after about 10 years, these cells disappear completely." The immune response to Parkinson's disease is like seasonal flu, but changes occur a decade later, not a week later. In
, there are already treatments for inflammation of their own reactive T-cells, which are associated with a low incidence of Parkinson's disease. Looking ahead, researchers are particularly interested in using a tool called T-cell testing to monitor patients who are already at risk of Parkinson's disease to see if they can benefit from tumor necrosis factor therapy. These patients include people with rapid eye movement sleep disorders and certain genetic mutations.The researchers hope to study more people with Parkinson's disease and track them for longer to better understand how T-cell responses change as the disease progresses.the study, entitled "α-Synactin-Specific T-Cell Reactive and Preclinical and Early Parkinson's Disease," was conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institutes of Neurology and Stroke (R01NS095435, P50NS108675), the National Institutes of Health (P50AG08702), the Parkinson's Foundation, Michael J. Support for the J. Fox Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the William Rickett Foundation, and the University of California, LJI Immunology Program. Other study authors include Rihanna Danwani, John Fahm, Rebecca Kwan, Aphrey Fraser, Julianna Resend Dutra, Elizabeth Phillips, Simon Maral, Mario Rodel, Karen Mard, Amy Amara, David Stendalt, Jennifer Goldman, Irene Littfan and Bjorn Peters.
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