Spruce.

The common saying of the Genus Songko Spruce. Often composed of large areas of pure forest, or mixed with other conifer trees, broad-leaved trees.

about 40 species of spruce in the world, distributed in the northern hemisphere. There are about 20 species in China, which are found in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China and Taiwan. According to the leaf shape and pore line, it can be divided into 3 groups, namely spruce group, Lijiang spruce group and fish scale spruce group. Spruce group leaves cross-cut square, diamond, four sides have pore lines, the number of pore lines is equal, or nearly equal, including white spruce, scaly spruce, thick spruce, red spruce, white pole, Qinghai Spruce, Snow Ridge Spruce, Xinjiang Spruce, Green Rod, Big Fruit Green Pole, Taiwan Spruce, Long Leaf Spruce, etc.Spruce has strong shade resistance and can withstand less than 25 years of light under the forest crown. Under the condition of side light shade, natural renewal is good, and there are more natural renewal of young trees in small fire-burning areas and open areas of forest, but bad renewal under dense forest crowns. The climate requirements are not strict, mostly distributed in the annual average temperature of 4 to 12 degrees C, annual precipitation of 400 to 900 mm, annual relative humidity of more than 60% of the alpine areas or high latitudes. Strong resistance to cold, can tolerate low temperatures below -30 degrees C, but the frost resistance of the branches is poor. Under mild and humid climate conditions, it is very good to grow in acidic to slightly acidic brown forest soil or brown brown soil. The forest areas of Sichuan and Xinjiang have accumulated more than 1000 cubic meters per hectare, and the forest areas of Tibet have more than 2000 cubic meters. Spruce is mostly shallow root tree species, the main root is not obvious, the side root is developed, about 3/4 or more root system concentrated in the surface. After the intensity of logging, it is easy to wind down phenomenon. Strong age is generally 30 to 40 years, 60 to 120 years for the results of the peak period, roughly every 4 to 5 years appear seed year. Sichuan spruce trees per hectare average yield of about 40 kg, generally 9 to 10 moon fruit ripening, seeds spread by wind distance is about 2 to 3 times the height of the mother tree.

wood straight, easy to cut, no hidden defects. It can be used as an electric pole, pillow, building, bridge material, but also can be used to make musical instruments, gliders, etc., and is the raw material for papermaking. Spruce conifer oil content of about 0.1 to 0.5%, can extract aromatic oil. The bark contains 6.9 to 21.4% of the mononin, which can beglue.