Scientists reveal molecular mechanisms of primate islet aging

Introduction: Revealing the law of cell molecular degenerative changes in islet aging process, and exploring the key targets for interfering with the decline of sugar tolerance are essential to delay islet aging and accurately prevent and control diabetes
in the past 30 years, with the aging of the population, the incidence ofchina's diabetes has risen sharplyAt present, the total number of diabetics in the country has exceeded 100 million, and nearly 500 million adults are in prediabetes (damaged sugar tolerance), which has posed a serious challenge to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases related to aging in ChinaWith aging islet cell function degeneration will cause the body not to respond normally to changes in blood sugar, thus the ability to regulate blood sugar (i.esugar tolerance) decreased, causing sugar metabolism disorder, and eventually developed into diabetes, and accompanied by blood vessels, retina, kidneys, nervous system and a series of tissue organs metabolic abnormalitiesTherefore, the identification of islet cells in the aging susceptibility of cell types,reveal the islet aging process of cell molecular degenerative changes, to explore the intervention of sugar tolerance decline of the key targets, for delaying islet aging, accurate prevention and treatment of diabetes is very importantHowever, the composition of islet cells is highly heterogeneous, containing a variety of cell types that secrete different kinds of hormones, in addition, due to ethical and sample acquisition of the technical difficulty, age sex strictly matched high-quality human islet samples difficult to obtain, these factors greatly restrict the mechanism of islet cell aging explorationon June 10,, the Qu Jing Research Group of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liu Guanghui Research Group, the Tang Fuyu Research Group of Peking University, and Zhang Weixuan Research Group of the Beijing Genomics Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published an online research paper entitled A-cellomic atlas of the using the using the using the using the using the using the groupthe study system mapped a high-precision single-cell transcription map of non-human primate islet aging, revealing that protein steady state imbalance is a key characteristic and molecular driving force of islet beta cell agingresearchers used high-precision single-cell transcription sequencing techniques to characterize the gene expression of a variety of ether cells, including alpha cells, beta cells, gamma cells and PP cells, and identified a new series of molecular markersThrough aging transcription noise analysis, aging marker analysis, and joint analysis with databases such as aging/diabetes, alpha and beta cells are found to be more prone to abnormal changes in the aging process than other cell typesThrough multi-angle analysis of the functional enrichment of differential expression genes, gene transcription control networks, and cell-to-cell interactions, the molecular spectrum changes related to aging of alpha cells and beta cells were analyzed systematicallyNotably, the researchers found that aging caused significant damage to protein steady state in beta cells, as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates in older individual beta cells, and abnormal lying of ATF6 and IRE1 signaling pathway components in the unfolded protein response pathway (unfoldproteinresponsepathway, UPR), especially the intragenous network molecular companion protein HSP90B1 in older individual beta cellsFurther studies have shown that the overexpression of HSP90B1 in beta cells can lead to a decrease in insulin secretion under high glucose stimulation, suggesting that the increase in the expression of aging of HSP90B1 in beta cells may be the driving force for lower sugar tolerance in the elderly the study for the first time in the world reported the non-human primate islet aging single-cell transcription group map, not only systematically analyzed the molecular characteristics of many cell types in the primate islet, but also revealed that the protein steady state imbalance is the driving factor of islet beta cell aging, to delay islet aging, restore the sugar tolerance of older individuals to provide a potential intervention target for effective prevention and treatment of diabetes the study was carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, the Beijing Genomics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, the Salk Institute of the United States, and the Beijing Hospital Li Jingyi, associate researcher of the Institute of Animals, Zheng Yuxuan, ph.d, Peking University, Yan Pengze, researcher Song Mozhi and associate researcher Wang Si were the first authors Qu Jing, Tang Fuhui, Liu Guanghui and Zhang Weixuan are co-authors The study was guided and supported by Zhou Qi, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chen Wei, a professor at Xuanwu Hospital, and Sun Liang, a professor at Beijing Hospital, and was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing : High-resolution single-cell transcriptome map study of islet aging paper link: