Scientists have made new achievements in the field of neutral granulocyte research!

!-- webeditor:page title" -- In this article, we compiled several important research results to jointly interpret the new achievements made by scientists in the field of neutral granulocyte research and share them with you! Photo credit: Emma Nolan et al. Nature (2020) doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01672-3(1) Immunity: Identification of early stem cells in human bone marrow that produce nexual granulocytes doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.017 Neutral cells are immune system warriors.
they stand ready to take action to help heal damage or fight disease.
unless something goes wrong during their development.
not all of the immature neutral granulocytes are warriors--- they can be dangerous traitors.
high levels of immature neutral granulocytes in the blood can be a sign of cancer and may even be a biomarker of neocyto pneumonia (COVID-19).
, in a new study, researchers from the La Hoya Institute of Immunology (LJI) tracked rare stem cells in human bone marrow that produce neuficial granulocytes.
this provides scientists with a potential way to intervene in diseases in which neutral granulocyte development is wrong, the study was published in the journal Immunity.
identified stem cells as the early origin of nematodes, the researchers said.
nucleocytes are the most abundant type of blood cells in humans.
it is particularly interesting to understand how human neutral granulocytes develop, as immature neutral granulocytes have been found in the blood and lungs of patients with severe COVID-19.
although neutral granulocytes are important, they have proved very difficult to study.
not well preserved in-body, and the stem cells that produce them are harder to study because they only live in bone marrow.
: Neutral granulocyte extracellular traps or the culprits of COVID-19 complications! Doi:10.1182/blood.2020007008 The overactive defensive response may result in increased blood clots, disease severity, and COVID-19 deaths.
a phenomenon known as "NETosis", in which anti-infected cells release a mesh substance to trap invasive viruses as part of an increasingly active immune response from people who use ventilators and die from the disease.
The team, led by the University of Utah's Center for Health Research and PEEL Therapeutics, published a new study in the journal Blod, in collaboration with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Will Cornell School of Medicine, that she said sheds light on the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 lung damage that had not previously been considered a possible therapeutic target.
The study also reported that in laboratory experiments, a natural protein initially found in cord blood inhibited this mesh immune response, which may open up new avenues for treatment; it is estimated that up to 10 percent of COVID-19 patients are seriously ill, have respiratory distress, and lung damage is due to a subject worthy of in-depth study, and there is growing evidence that increased blood clots can lead to complications.
3: The "safety net" of neutral granulocytes may promote the metastasis of cancer cells and the proliferation of doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01672-3 Neutral granulocytes are a special kind of immune cells, which can The body provides the first line of immune defense against infection, but in many cases it has the ability to promote cancer metastasis, i.e. to allow cancer cells to migrate from primary sites and grow elsewhere in the body, researcher Yang et al. have revealed the molecular mechanisms by which neutral granulocytes promote this deadly process in a study published in the international journal Nature.
A key feature of
neutrophils is the ability to squeeze a special structure called neutrophil extracellular trap into the surrounding environment, which is made up of DNA networks of special enzymes that are toxic to microorganisms, capable of capturing and killing invading microorganisms, and in the lungs, NETs can be induced by inflammation. While its anti-tumor activity is also related to NET-related enzymes, there is now more and more research evidence that NETs can mediat the occurrence and progression of cancer cell invasion properties, but researchers do not know how NETs enhance cancer metastasis, in addition, there have been no previous studies to promote cancer cells to perceive the molecular mechanisms of NETS, researcher Yang et al.
4 (Xinhua) -- The overreaction of the immune system in patients with neutral granulocytes who prefer to devour rod-like particles, or to help treat cytokine storm doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba1474, is the most common cause of death in patients with COVID-19.
long-neglected white blood cells may play a crucial role in this overreaction.
a new study, researchers from the University of Michigan in the United States found that rod-like particles allow them to break out of circulation.
study was published in the journal Science Advances.
COVID-19 patients have a similar number of deaths from the 1918 influenza pandemic: their lungs are filled with fluid, and they basically drown, known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS);
ARDS is a manifestation of cytokine storms.
in a cytokine storm, the immune system overreacts and begins to attack the human organs.
In ARDS, runaway white blood cells degrade lung tissue, causing fluid build-up, and a class of white blood cells called neutral granulocytes help guide this charge, accounting for 60 to 70 percent of the "swallowing cells" that humans devour foreign material.
!-- / ewebeditor: page -- !-- webeditor: page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blocking immunosuppressive neutral granulocytes can inhibit brain metastasis! doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz5387 brain metastasis, which occurs in many cancers, is an ominous discovery that is still difficult to treat.
to treat these metastasis tumors is challenging, and their micro-environments have not been well studied as peripheral cancers.
role of immune cells in brain metastasis is unclear, as the brain has traditionally been considered to have "immune privileges."
Recently, researchers from the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas, the UTHealth Biomedical Research Institute at MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Molecular Medicine Center at China Medical University in Taiwan, led by Professor Dihua Yu, discovered an ode genetic modification protein called ZESTE congener 2 (EZH2) that is over-expressed in brain metastatic tumors, stimulating signaling pathogens to recruit immunosuppressive neutral granulocytes into tumors, according to a study published in Science.
study, researchers found that a group of immunosuppressive neutral granulocytes were recruited into the brain to allow brain metastasis to develop.
in brain metastasis cells, EZH2 is highly expressed by nucleo-located Src tyrosine kinase and phosphates at tyrosine-696 (pY696) -EZH2 bits.
researchers found that phosphatization of EZH2 at Y696 site changed its binding preference, from histoprotein H3 to RNA polymerase II, thereby transforming the function of EZH2 from methyl transferase to a transcription factor that increases c-JUN expression.
c-Jun can raise carcinogenic inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte colony stimulation factors (G-CSF), which recruit Amg1-plus and PD-L1-plus immunosuppressive neotocytes into the brain to facilitate metastasis.
photo Source: CNIC:6 Nature: Revealing a new molecular mechanism for DNA in the extracellular trapping network of neutral granulocytes to promote cancer metastasis through specific protein molecules doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2394-6, published in the international journal Nature In a study entitled "DNA of neutrophil extracellular traps", scientists from Sun Yat-sen University in China and other institutions have revealed how DNA from neutrophil extracellular traps promotes cancer metastasis through CCDC25 protein molecules.
Neutrogenic granulocyte extracellular trapping networks (NETs) are made up of chromatin DNA fine wire structures encased in granule proteins that can be released by neutrogenic granulocytes to trap microorganisms; In the
study, researchers found that NETs had higher levels of liver metastasis in the body of breast and colon cancer patients, while NETs in patients' serums could help predict the occurrence of early breast cancer and liver metastasis, and that NET-DNA may act as a metanatization factor to attract cancer cells, rather than just a trap;
JCI Insight: High levels of neutral granulocyte extracellular traps in the blood are associated with more severe COVID-19-related doi:10.1172/jci.insight.138999 A new study has found a more severe link between destructive white blood cells and COVID-19 patients.
study was recently published in the journal JCI Insight under the title "Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19".
researchers said: 'We found high levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the blood of patients with COVID-19, where NET is a product of an inflammatory type of neutrophil death ---called NETosis--- . In
article, the researchers analyzed blood samples from 50 COVID-19 patients; given the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to better understand what causes inflammatory storms and blood clots caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can lead to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation in many patients; and they believe net may be associated with many aspects of COVID-19 research, given that blood clots and inflammation are signs of severe infection.
(8) Nat Immunol: Scientists at the National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) in Madrid, Spain, have discovered a "de-release" mechanism that prevents the immune system from being control.
the newly discovered immune control system is located in one of the most important types of cells in the immune system -- neutral granulocytes.
study, published in the journal Nature Immunology, could have a significant impact on the understanding and treatment of diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke and acute inflammation.
immune system is made up of a wide variety of cells that are responsible for defending against external and internal threats. To do this,
's lead researcher, Andrés Hidalgo, explains, "they patrol every corner of our bodies, looking for and discovering anything unusual or inappropriate, and taking appropriate action, often leading to the death of invading or irregular cells."
When it works correctly, the system eliminates not only the countless and diverse pathogens that constantly attack us, but also the internal 'mistakes' that occur in our own cells -- mistakes that can make them as malignant cancers.
" but the immune system is a double-edged sword.
if immune cells perform their functions too enthusiastically, they may function in the wrong place or at the wrong time, damaging healthy tissue.
for this reason, the immune system must be precisely regulated, and failed immune regulation is the basis for human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that control the immune response.
/!-- ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page-title"--9 Science Sub-Journal: Revealing the mechanism of neutral granulocytes to suppress allergic airway inflammation do i:10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7006 Allergic airway inflammation, including asthma, is a complex disease in which multiple immune and non-immune factors contribute to its development and progression.
neutral granulocytes are mobilized, recruited and removed.