Scientists have made new achievements in the field of EB virus research!

In !-- article, we have compiled a number of important research results to learn from recent scientists in the field of EB virus research! Photo credit: Li, Z., et al. Cell Res (2020). doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0363-0 Cell Res: Breakthrough! Chinese scientists have unveiled the atomic structure of the first EB virus shell doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0363-0 In a study published in the international journal Cell Research, scientists from the Shanghai Institute of Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhongshan University analyzed the first complete atomic model of the EBV nuclear crust through joint research.
As with other herpes viruses, EBV, as a member of the herpes virus subsoil, has a typical three-layer structure, i.e. outer lipid double-layered membrane, kernel shell and intermediate membrane structure, the assembly of the nuclear shell is a key step in the formation of infectious virus particles, therefore, revealing the mechanism of EBV nuclear shell assembly or is expected to help design new antiviral drugs.
As the first cancer virus to be discovered, EBV is one of the most important human herpes viruses, infecting more than 90% of the world's population and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of malignancies, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkett's lymphoma, NK/T cell lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer; Compared to the medical importance of EBV, research on its structure and function is largely hampered by the difficulty of sample preparation, which lags far behind other human herpes viruses, such as human cytocytovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Caposi sarcoma-related herpes virus (KSHV).
: Why do immune cells that target the EB virus "sniff" the brains of Alzheimer's patients? Doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1895-7 In a study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from Stanford University studied immune cells that could not escape the virus in the brains of patients with late Alzheimer's disease and in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer's disease.
not only found high levels of immune cells, but also found that these staggering numbers of T-cells could be used to "target" the characteristics of the EB virus.
There is no convincing evidence of a link between the EB virus and Alzheimer's disease, but the good news is that because the EB virus (Epstein-Barr Virus, human herpes virus type 4) is more common than domestic pets, when we are 5 years old, they become infected About 50 percent of the population, nine out of ten people in their lifetime, are infected with the virus, which is usually quietly hidden in the body, including the brain, and the EB virus usually does not show symptoms, the most common of which is monocytogenic.
: Why do certain EB viruses cause cancer? Doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0546-yEB virus (EBV) is very widespread.
more than 90 per cent of the world's population is infected, with varying consequences.
the infection usually does not infect humans, in some cases it can cause glandular fever or various types of cancer.
at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) have now discovered why different strains of the virus cause very different courses.
more than 90 percent of people are infected with the EB virus in their lifetime, but infections are usually not detected.
, however, the virus can also cause diseases -- with regional differences: adenotheria (infectious monocyte hypertrophicity) occurs mainly in Europe and North America and usually affects adolescents or young people.
in equatorial Africa, Burkett's lymphoma is associated with EBV infection.
in Taiwan, southern China and Southeast Asia, the virus often causes nasopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and throat cancers.
is one of the most common types of cancer among young people in these countries.
: A breakthrough in the development of the EB virus vaccine! doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.010 In a recent study published in the international journal Immunity, scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States revealed the EBV, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus No. Type 4) induces a variety of antibodies to block the molecular mechanism of cellular infection, EB virus is a herpes virus, which can cause infectious monocyte enmity, and related to the occurrence of specific cancers, related research results may help researchers to develop new candidate vaccines, which may be able to induce a potential EB virus antibody response in animals, thereby blocking cell infection and cancer.
currently does not have a approved vaccine for the EB virus, which is associated with specific endothotic cell carcinomas, such as nasopharyngeal and stomach cancers, as well as Burkett and Hodgkin's lymphoma, which causes about 200,000 EB-related cancers and 140,000 deaths worldwide each year.
researcher Jeffrey I. Cohen said that in previous studies, we hope to develop an EB virus vaccine focused on the viral surface protein gp350, which can use gp350 to enter host cells, but the EB virus does not only infect B cells, it also infects the upper exfoliation cells located in the mouth and throat, when exposed to EB These cells are infected when the saliva of an infected person is infected; in this study, researchers explained how to promote the production of neutral antibodies to the virus, rather than just the gp350 protein on the surface of the virus, and the researchers say antibodies to the viral protein gH/gL complex may play a key role in inhibiting the fusion of EB viruses with endocrine cells.
: The study found that EB viruses can damage the differentiation process of monocytes to dendrites and reduce cell survival by regulating the new mechanism of autophagy avoidance immunosuppression doi:10.1080/15548627.2018.1536530 in vitro experiments.
a new study published in the international academic journal Autophagy by researchers from Italy has raised awareness of the problem, finding that it is linked to autophagy, a decline in ROS levels and a decline in mitochondrial production.
It is worth noting that although there is a strong correlation between cell autophagy and ROS in cell memory, both have been reported to be induced by CSF2/GM-CSF, the CSF2-IL4-driven monocyte-to-dendrites cell differentiation process requires autophagy and ROS.
!--/ewebeditor:page -- !--webeditor:page title" -- In this study, researchers found that EB viruses infect monocytes and initiate a feedback loop that reduces ROS levels by inhibiting cell autophagy, which in turn has negative regulation of autophagy.
the mechanism, the decrease of autophagy is related to the reduction of RAB7 and ATG5 expression levels and the activation of STAT3, resulting in the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62.
accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 activates the SQSTM1-KEAP1-NFE2L2 signal axis and raises the antioxidant response, reducing ROS levels and further inhibiting autophagy.
Photo Source: National Cancer Institute(6) Nat Genet: Revealing that EBV promotes a new mechanism for stomach cancer through a reprogrammed host's osesopic genetic landscape doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0665-7 Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death among the world.
one of the most common human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, also known as EBV, is associated with about 8 to 10 percent of stomach cancers.
In a new study, researchers from Chiba University in Japan, the Singapore Science and Technology Research Agency and Duke-Singapore National University revealed a new pattern of EBV-related stomach cancer, in which the EBV virus genome directly alters the host's metastatic genetic landscape, promoting the activation and tumor development of proto-oncogene, a gene involved in normal cell growth that can become carcinogenic when mutated.
study was published online online in the journal Nature Genetics.
the human genome is a complete collection of human genetic information, and the esoteric genome describes modifications to the genome that determine whether genes are turned on or off when and where they are needed.
unlike genetic information, the esoteric genome is dynamic and the response to external stimuli, which can cause abnormal modification of DNA, which in turn disrupts normal gene expression and leads to cancer.
: How does the immune system fight EBV infection? Doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007748 In a recent study published in the journal PLoS Pathogens, researchers from abroad found that PD-1 molecules on CD8-T cells played a key role in controlling Epstein-Barr virus infection.
the results of this study suggest that monitoring PD-1 signals in future vaccination and immunotherapy studies may predict the prognostic effects of patients.
Epstein-Barr virus is one of the most common human pathogens in the world, consistently infecting more than 90 percent of the adult population.
it drives some of the strongest human CD8-T cell responses, which can be observed in the initial symptoms (or primary) stages of infection, known as infectious monocyte augmentation.
Despite high viral load and longer CD8-T cell stimulation during the proliferation of infectious monocytes, epstein-Barr virus enters the incubation period and is under lifelong immunology control in most individuals with the disease.
, we don't understand the characteristics of CD8 cells when lurking in epstein-Barr virus.
: Cell Rep: The key gene that influences the EBV in-cell replication process, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.071 Recently, researchers from the VCU identified two genes associated with EBV replication that can lead to a variety of different types of cancer.
findings could help develop new treatments for viral-related diseases, including stomach cancer and lymphoma.
EBV is one of the most common human viruses, with almost 95 percent of adults carrying EBV.
EBV infection causes nearly 200,000 cancers and 140,000 deaths each year, according to the American Health Organization.
EBV-related cancers include nasopharyngeal cancer, some subsypes of stomach cancer, and lymphoma.
life cycle of EBV includes incubation and lysation periods.
virus is dormant during the incubation period, while the virus can replicate quickly in cells during the lysis period.
. Nat Commun: Revealing the mechanism by which the EBV virus causes cancer doi:10.1038/ncomms14257 After an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, the virus persists in the human body through the lifetime and usually does not produce any symptoms.
, however, about one-third of adolescent infections develop infectious monocyte hyperphobia (also known as adenotheria or kissing), but the condition usually subsides after a few weeks.
, the virus can also cause cancer in rare cases, especially lymphoma, stomach cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer.
scientists have long tried to clarify how the EBV virus reprograms cells to turn them into cancer cells.
, cancer researcher at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), said, "In patients with weakened immune systems, this viral infection has been well studied.
in most cases, it remains unclear how EBV infection causes cancer.
PLoS Pathog: Researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered how the EB virus "takes over" the genetic regulatory mechanisms of our cells doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004042 Recently, researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered how an component of the EBV "takes over" our cell gene regulation mechanisms so that the virus itself can replicate.
EBV virus causes a variety of diseases, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma.
during infection, EB viruses use advanced strategies to "disrupt" human cells.
the virus does not survive outside human cells, they have developed strategies to mimic key components of human cell function, such as RNA polymerases.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page-title" -- Dr. James Omichinski explains that using structural biology to uncover details of the interactions between EBV viruses and human cells at the atomic level allows us to understand how viruses can conquer human defense systems.
knowledge of this is essential for the development of new treatments for viral infections.
using advanced MRI technology, scientists study how the EBV virus EBNA2 protein binds to one protein in the TFIIH complex protein, helping to regulate another protein, RNA polymerase II, which is.